This study aimed to characterize the microbial community and metabolic profiles in generalized aggressive periodontitis (AgP) using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 146 subgingival plaque samples and 50 gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from 24 patients with AgP and 10 periodontally healthy subjects (PH). Striking differences were observed in subgingival microbiome and GCF metabolomics between patients with AgP and PH, but not between samples with different probing depths (PDs). Metabolomics analysis combined with enrichment analysis showed that periodontitis significantly altered the concentration of compounds associated with biosynthesis of amino acids (e.g., alanine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine), galactose metabolism (e.g., myo-inositol, galactose, glucose, and hexitol), and pyrimidine metabolism (e.g., uracil, uridine, beta alanine, and thymine). Correlation analysis showed that the genera with significant difference between AgP and PH were usually significantly correlated with more metabolites, such as Aggregatibacter, Rothia, Peptostreptococcaceae_[XI][G-5], and Bacteroidaceae_[G-1]. While glucose and oxoproline had the most significant correlations with microorganisms. Our results revealed distinct microbial communities and metabolic profiles between AgP and PH. The significant correlation between microbial taxa and metabolites suggested the possible mechanisms for periodontitis. Our results also provided effective approaches for detecting periodontal disease and managing periodontitis.

这项研究旨在使用16S核糖体RNA（rRNA）基因高通量测序和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）来表征广义侵袭性牙周炎（AgP）中的微生物群落和代谢谱。从24例AgP患者和10例牙周健康受试者（PH）中总共采集了146个龈下斑块样本和50个龈沟液（GCF）样本。在AgP和PH患者之间观察到龈下微生物组和GCF代谢组学的惊人差异，但在不同探测深度（PDs）的样品之间未观察到差异。代谢组学分析与富集分析相结合表明，牙周炎显着改变了与氨基酸（例如，丙氨酸，亮氨酸，异亮氨酸和缬氨酸）的生物合成，半乳糖代谢（例如，肌醇，半乳糖，葡萄糖和己糖醇）和嘧啶代谢（例如尿嘧啶，尿苷，β丙氨酸和胸腺嘧啶）。相关分析表明，AgP和PH显着不同的属通常与更多的代谢产物显着相关，例如聚集细菌， 罗西亚， 肽链球菌科[XI] [G-5]和 拟杆菌科_ [G-1]。葡萄糖和氧代脯氨酸与微生物之间的关系最为显着。我们的结果揭示了AgP和PH之间不同的微生物群落和代谢谱。微生物分类群与代谢产物之间的显着相关性提示了牙周炎的可能机制。我们的结果还提供了检测牙周疾病和管理牙周炎的有效方法。