The relationships between plate motions and basal mantle structure remain poorly understood, with some models implying that the basal mantle structure has remained stable over time, while others suggest that it could be shaped by the aggregation and dispersal of supercontinents. Here we investigate the evolution of mantle flow driven by end‐member plate tectonic models over 1 Gyr. We implement a tectonic scenario in which supercontinent reassembly occurs by introversion, and consider three distinct references frames that result in different net lithospheric rotation. Our flow models predict a dominant degree‐2 mantle structure most of the time. We analyze the relationship between imposed tectonic velocities and deep mantle flow, and find that at spherical harmonic degree 2, the maxima of lower mantle radial flow and temperature follow the motion path of the maxima of surface divergence. It may take ∼160–240 Myr for lower mantle structure to reflect plate motion changes when the lower mantle is reorganized by slabs sinking onto basal thermochemical structures, and/or when slabs stagnate in the transition zone before sinking to the lower mantle. Basal thermochemical structures move at less than 0.6°/Myr in our models, with a temporal average of 0.16°/Myr when there is no net lithospheric rotation, and between 0.20 and 0.23°/Myr when net lithospheric rotation exists and is induced in the lower mantle. Our results suggest that basal thermochemical structures are not stationary, but rather linked to global plate motions and plate boundary reconfigurations, reflecting the dynamic nature of the coevolving plate‐mantle system.

中文翻译：

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板块构造与基底幔构造的耦合演化

板块运动与基底幔结构之间的关系仍然知之甚少，有些模型暗示基底幔结构会随着时间的推移而保持稳定，而另一些模型则暗示它可能是由超大陆的聚集和散布所形成的。在这里，我们研究了由1 Gyr的端构件板块构造模型驱动的地幔流演化。我们实现了一种构造场景，其中内向性超大陆重组发生，并考虑了导致不同的岩石圈净旋转的三个不同的参考系。我们的流动模型通常会预测主要的2级地幔结构。我们分析了构造速度与深地幔流动之间的关系，发现在球谐度为2时，下地幔径向流和温度的最大值遵循表面发散最大值的运动路径。当下地幔通过沉入基础热化学结构的板块重组，和/或当下沉板在下沉地幔之前过渡区域停滞时，下地幔结构可能需要约160-240 Myr才能反映板块运动的变化。在我们的模型中，基础热化学结构的移动速度小于0.6°/ Myr，没有岩石圈净旋转时的时间平均为0.16°/ Myr，如果存在岩石圈净旋转并在其中引起，则时间平均为0.20至0.23°/ Myr。下地幔。我们的结果表明，基础热化学结构不是固定的，而是与整体板块运动和板块边界重构有关，