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Environmental drivers of ant dominance in a tropical rainforest canopy at different spatial scales
Ecological Entomology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-29 , DOI: 10.1111/een.12988
Reuber Antoniazzi 1 , Roger Guevara 2 , José García‐Franco 3 , Milan Janda 4, 5 , Maurice Leponce 6, 7 , Wesley Dáttilo 1
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  1. Tropical trees accommodate a high co‐occurrence of ant species, mainly due to the high diversity of microhabitats available. However, a few ant species are highly abundant, dominating resources and defending territories in tree canopies. Although arboreal ants have been studied extensively, little is known about the structural drivers of ant spatial dominance in tropical rainforest canopies.
  2. This study investigated whether canopy tree microhabitats and micro‐environmental factors (given by branch characteristics and spatial position of sampling points within tree crowns) are determinants of ant presence and species composition in a Mexican tropical rainforest. It also analysed whether whole tree characteristics, that is, the tree canopy, given by tree size and epiphyte/climbing plant richness and abundance, could determine ant spatial dominance of food resources.
  3. This study found a higher probability of ant presence on baits lower in the canopy, probably a result of ants foraging in the zones between the treetops and the ground layer. No microhabitat or micro‐environmental variables were related to ant species composition. It also observed less dissimilarity of species composition between baits and between trees than between plots, revealing that each plot presents a unique set of species.
  4. Moreover, increased tree height and epiphyte/climbing plant abundance (i.e., structural heterogeneity and greater foraging area) and lower epiphyte/climbing plant richness led to decreasing ant dominance.
  5. This study's findings reveal that, while micro‐environmental factors have almost no influence on the foraging of dominant ant species within canopy trees, the size and heterogeneity of trees shape ants' spatial dominance.


中文翻译:

不同空间尺度下热带雨林林冠中蚂蚁优势的环境驱动因素

  1. 热带树木可同时容纳多种蚂蚁,这主要是由于可利用的微生境种类繁多。但是,一些蚂蚁物种非常丰富,它们在树冠层中占据着主导地位并保卫着领土。尽管对树栖蚂蚁进行了广泛研究,但对热带雨林冠层中蚂蚁空间优势的结构驱动因素知之甚少。
  2. 这项研究调查了冠层树的微生境和微环境因素(由树枝特征和树冠内采样点的空间位置所决定)是否是墨西哥热带雨林中蚂蚁的存在和物种组成的决定因素。它还分析了整棵树的特征,即树冠,由树的大小和附生植物/攀援植物的丰富度和丰度给出的,是否可以确定食物资源在空间上的优势地位。
  3. 这项研究发现,在树冠较低的诱饵上存在蚂蚁的可能性更高,这可能是由于蚂蚁在树梢与地面之间的区域中觅食的结果。没有微生境或微环境变量与蚂蚁物种组成有关。它也观察到诱饵之间和树木之间的物种组成比地块之间的相似性要少,这表明每个地块都呈现出一组独特的物种。
  4. 此外,树高和附生/攀援植物丰富度(即结构异质性和更大的觅食面积)和较低的附生/攀援植物丰富度导致蚂蚁优势度降低。
  5. 这项研究的发现表明,尽管微环境因素几乎对冠层树种中主要蚂蚁物种的觅食没有影响,但树木的大小和异质性却决定了蚂蚁的空间优势。
更新日期:2020-11-29
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