The oil industry needs to reduce CO₂ emissions across the entire lifecycle of fossil fuels to meet environmental regulations and societal requirements and to sustain its business. With this goal in mind, this study aims to evaluate the CO₂ mitigation potential of several bio‐oil co‐processing pathways in an oil refinery. Techno‐economic analysis was conducted on different pathways and their greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potentials were compared. Thirteen pathways with different bio‐oils, including vegetable oil (VO), fast pyrolysis oil (FPO), hydro‐deoxygenated oil (HDO), catalytic pyrolysis oil (CPO), hydrothermal liquefaction oil (HTLO), and Fischer–Tropsch fuels, were analyzed. However, no single pathway could be presented as the best option. This would depend on the criteria used and the target of the co‐processing route. The results obtained indicated that up to 15% of the fossil‐fuel output in the refinery could be replaced by biofuel without major changes in the core activities of the refinery. The consequent reduction in CO₂ emissions varied from 33% to 84% when compared with pure equivalent fossil fuels replaced (i.e., gasoline and diesel). Meanwhile, the production costs varied from 17 to 31€/GJ (i.e., 118–213$/bbl_eq). Co‐processing with VO resulted in the lowest overall performance among the options that were evaluated while co‐processing HTLO in the hydrotreatment unit and FPO in the fluid catalytic cracking unit showed the highest potential for CO₂ avoidance (69% of refinery CO₂ emissions) and reduction in CO₂ emissions (84% compared to fossil fuel), respectively. The cost of CO₂ emissions avoided for all of the assessed routes was in the range of €99–651 per tCO₂. © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

中文翻译：

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在炼油厂中评估生物油协同处理路线作为减少CO2的策略

石油行业需要在整个化石燃料的整个生命周期中减少CO ₂排放，以满足环境法规和社会要求并维持其业务。本着这个目标，本研究旨在评估CO ₂炼油厂中几种生物油共处理途径的缓解潜力。对不同途径进行了技术经济分析，并比较了其温室气体（GHG）缓解潜力。具有不同生物油的十三种途径，包括植物油（VO），快速热解油（FPO），加氢脱氧油（HDO），催化热解油（CPO），热液化油（HTLO）和费托燃料，被分析。但是，没有任何一条途径可以作为最佳选择。这将取决于所使用的标准和协同处理路线的目标。获得的结果表明，在炼油厂的核心活动没有重大变化的情况下，炼油厂多达15％的化石燃料产量可以被生物燃料替代。因此减少了CO ₂与纯等量的化石燃料（例如汽油和柴油）相比，排放量从33％到84％不等。同时，生产成本从17欧元/ GJ到31欧元/ GJ（即118-213美元/桶_eq）不等。在评估的选项中，与VO的共处理导致整体性能最低，而在加氢处理单元中的HTLO和流化催化裂化单元中的FPO的共处理显示出最高的避免CO ₂潜力（炼油厂CO ₂排放量的69％））和减少CO ₂排放（与化石燃料相比减少84％）。所有评估路线中避免的CO ₂排放成本在每tCO ₂ 99-651欧元之间。©2020作者。化学工业协会和John Wiley＆Sons，Ltd.出版的生物燃料，生物产品和生物精制。