Introduction

Protective Behavioral Strategies (PBS) are an alcohol-specific cognitive-behavioral strategies that may be employed before, during and/or after drinking, in order to reduce alcohol consumption and related consequences, particularly in the at-risk populations. Previous research on PBS was limited to North American college students. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of PBS use in a sample of Polish adolescents attending Special Educational Centers (SEC).

Method

Data were collected from a nationwide sample of 12–19 year-old (Mean = 15.8; SD = 1.22) students attending SEC in Poland (N = 1585; about 33% female). The self-administered anonymous questionnaires were completed on-site in the SEC. PBS were measured by the authors adaptation of the PBSS-20. Alcohol-related problems were assessed by the Polish adaptation of the measures used in the MINI-KID tool. Alcohol use was measured by a single question on drinking frequency. These two latter variables were measured in the past year timeframe. Hierarchical regression models were used to test the main and interaction effects of employing PBS (total and subscales scores) on alcohol-related problems, after adjusting for demographics (gender, family composition and type of SEC) and alcohol use.

Results

The majority (about 94%) of study participants reported employment of some PBS. Regression analyses indicated that PBS use was associated with reduced risk of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. We found that PBS significantly moderated the relationship between alcohol use and alcohol-related problems, for PBS total scale (F-change (1,1555) = 15.96, p < .001) and one of the PBS subscale: Limiting/Stopping Drinking (F-change (1,1555) = 4.80, p < .029). Findings were discussed within the results of PBS literature and resilience theory framework.

Conclusion

The use of PBS helps to reduce alcohol-related problems among adolescents attending SEC. Implementation of tailored interventions that teach PBS among vulnerable adolescents may be an effective way to strengthen adolescent self-protection, reduce risky alcohol use and related negative consequences.

中文翻译：

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高危青少年中与饮酒有关的问题：保护性行为策略的作用

介绍

保护性行为策略（PBS）是一种酒精特有的认知行为策略，可以在饮酒之前，之中和/或之后使用，以减少饮酒和相关后果，特别是在高危人群中。PBS以前的研究仅限于北美大学生。这项研究的目的是检查在参加特殊教育中心（SEC）的波兰青少年样本中PBS的作用。

方法

数据是从波兰参加SEC的12-19岁（平均= 15.8； SD = 1.22）学生的全国样本中收集的（N = 1585；大约33％的女性）。自我管理的匿名调查表已在SEC现场完成。通过作者对PBSS-20的修改来测量PBS。波兰对MINI-KID工具中使用的措施进行了调整，从而评估了与酒精有关的问题。通过对饮酒频率的单个问题来衡量饮酒量。后两个变量是在过去一年的时间范围内测得的。在调整了人口统计数据（性别，家庭组成和SEC类型）和酒精使用量后，使用了层次回归模型来测试使用PBS（总分和分量表得分）对与酒精相关的问题的主要作用和相互作用。

结果

大多数（约94％）的研究参与者报告使用了一些PBS。回归分析表明，使用PBS与降低饮酒风险和酒精相关问题有关。我们发现，对于PBS总评分（F-变化（1,555）= 15.96，p  <.001）和PBS一项以下量表：极限/停止饮酒（F变化（1,1555）= 4.80，p  <.029）。在PBS文献和复原力理论框架的结果内讨论了发现。

结论

PBS的使用有助于减少参加SEC的青少年中与酒精有关的问题。实施在弱势青少年中教授PBS的量身定制的干预措施，可能是加强青少年自我保护，减少高风险饮酒和相关负面后果的有效方法。