Abstract The fourth industrial revolution we currently witness changes the role of humans in operations systems. Although automation and assistance technologies are becoming more prevalent in production and logistics, there is consensus that humans will remain an essential part of operations systems. Nevertheless, human factors are still underrepresented in this research stream resulting in an important research and application gap. This article first exposes this gap by presenting the results of a focused content analysis of earlier research on Industry 4.0. To contribute to closing this gap, it then develops a conceptual framework that integrates several key concepts from the human factors engineering discipline that are important in the context of Industry 4.0 and that should thus be considered in future research in this area. The framework can be used in research and development to systematically consider human factors in Industry 4.0 designs and implementations. This enables the analysis of changing demands for humans in Industry 4.0 environments and contributes towards a successful digital transformation that avoid the pitfalls of innovation performed without attention to human factors. The paper concludes with highlighting future research directions on human factors in Industry 4.0 as well as managerial implications for successful applications in practice.

中文翻译：

---

工业 4.0 和人为因素——成功开发的系统框架和分析方法

摘要 我们目前见证的第四次工业革命改变了人类在运营系统中的角色。尽管自动化和辅助技术在生产和物流中变得越来越普遍，但人们一致认为人类仍将是运营系统的重要组成部分。尽管如此，人为因素在这一研究流中的代表性仍然不足，从而导致了重要的研究和应用差距。本文首先通过展示对早期工业 4.0 研究的重点内容分析的结果来揭示这一差距。为了有助于缩小这一差距，它随后开发了一个概念框架，该框架整合了人因工程学科中的几个关键概念，这些概念在工业 4.0 的背景下很重要，因此应在该领域的未来研究中加以考虑。该框架可用于研究和开发，以系统地考虑工业 4.0 设计和实施中的人为因素。这有助于分析工业 4.0 环境中人类不断变化的需求，并有助于成功的数字化转型，避免在不关注人为因素的情况下进行创新的陷阱。本文最后强调了工业 4.0 中人为因素的未来研究方向以及对实践中成功应用的管理意义。0 环境，并有助于成功的数字化转型，避免在不注意人为因素的情况下进行创新的陷阱。本文最后强调了工业 4.0 中人为因素的未来研究方向以及对实践中成功应用的管理意义。0 环境，并有助于成功的数字化转型，避免在不注意人为因素的情况下进行创新的陷阱。本文最后强调了工业 4.0 中人为因素的未来研究方向以及对实践中成功应用的管理意义。