Proteins are biological macromolecules involved in a wide range of biological functions, which makes them very appealing as therapeutics agents. Indeed, compared to small molecule drugs, their endogenous nature ensures their biocompatibility and biodegradability, they can be used in a large range of applications and present a higher specificity and activity. However, they suffer from unfolding, enzymatic degradation, short half-life and poor membrane permeability. To overcome such drawbacks, the development of protein delivery systems to protect, carry and deliver them in a controlled way have emerged importantly these last years. In this review, the formulation of a wide panel of protein delivery systems either in the form of polymer or inorganic nanoengineered colloids and scaffolds are presented and the protein loading and release mechanisms are addressed. A section is also dedicated to the detection of proteins and the characterization methods of their release. Then, the main protein delivery systems developed these last three years for anticancer, tissue engineering or diabetes applications are presented, as well as the major in vivo models used to test them. The last part of this review aims at presenting the perspectives of the field such as the use of protein-rich material or the sequestration of proteins. This part will also deal with less common applications and gene therapy as an indirect method to deliver protein.

蛋白质是涉及广泛生物功能的生物大分子，这使得它们作为治疗剂非常有吸引力。事实上，与小分子药物相比，它们的内源性保证了它们的生物相容性和生物降解性，它们可以用于大范围的应用并表现出更高的特异性和活性。然而，它们存在解折叠、酶降解、半衰期短和膜渗透性差的问题。为了克服这些缺点，最近几年出现了以受控方式保护、携带和递送它们的蛋白质递送系统的开发。在这次审查中，介绍了以聚合物或无机纳米工程胶体和支架形式的一系列蛋白质递送系统的配方，并解决了蛋白质加载和释放机制。一节还专门介绍蛋白质的检测及其释放的表征方法。然后，介绍了过去三年为抗癌、组织工程或糖尿病应用开发的主要蛋白质传递系统，以及主要的蛋白质传递系统用于测试它们的体内模型。本综述的最后一部分旨在展示该领域的观点，例如富含蛋白质的材料的使用或蛋白质的螯合。这部分还将处理不太常见的应用和基因治疗，作为传递蛋白质的间接方法。