Freshwater ecosystems are among the most threatened habitats on Earth, due mainly to anthropogenic pollutants made up of complex mixtures. The Iguacu River is world famous for the Iguacu Falls and highlighted by its endemism. Unfortunately, it is considered the second most polluted urban river in Brazil. We aimed to perform an environmental evaluation of Neotropical streams in the Iguacu River basin, using a multibiomarker approach from a land use and landscape perspective. A set of biomarkers in the fish Psalidodon bifasciatus was analyzed using an Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) index and correlated with surrounding land uses. Agricultural and urban sites presented more alterations compared to references sites, with elevated protein carbonyls at agricultural sites, increased DNA damage and depletion of glutathione S-transferase at urban sites and decreased glutathione associated with higher histopathological indices at urban and agricultural sites. The IBR shows a consistent increase in negative effects in anthropized areas, with similar values at agricultural and urban sites. The multibiomarker approach, associated with a well-elaborated sample design and a statistical analysis, is an ideal method to obtain more conclusive results about the effects of human activities, revealing the effective result of exposure in the real world.

中文翻译：

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使用鱼类作为生物指标的新热带溪流环境评估：多生物标志物和综合方法

淡水生态系统是地球上受威胁最严重的栖息地之一，主要是由于由复杂混合物组成的人为污染物。伊瓜苏河以伊瓜苏瀑布而闻名于世，并以其特有性而闻名。不幸的是，它被认为是巴西污染第二严重的城市河流。我们旨在从土地利用和景观的角度使用多生物标志物方法对伊瓜苏河流域的新热带河流进行环境评估。使用综合生物标志物反应 (IBR) 指数分析了 Psalidodon bifasciatus 中的一组生物标志物，并与周围的土地利用相关联。与参考站点相比，农业和城市站点呈现出更多的变化，农业站点的蛋白质羰基含量升高，城市地点 DNA 损伤增加和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶消耗增加，城市和农业地点与较高组织病理学指数相关的谷胱甘肽减少。IBR 显示人类化地区的负面影响持续增加，农业和城市地区的价值相似。多生物标志物方法与精心设计的样本设计和统计分析相结合，是获得关于人类活动影响的更确凿结果的理想方法，揭示现实世界中暴露的有效结果。