In nature conditions, mutualization of ericaceous plant (Ericaceae) roots with mycorrhizal fungi or other soil symbiotic fungi improves efficiency on nutrient uptake and tolerance to heavy metal stress. Effects of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) or dark septate endophyte (DSE) colonization have been evaluated in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) but remained unclear in rabbiteye blueberry (V. virgatum Ait.). In this study, callused cuttings of ‘NTU-104’ rabbiteye blueberry were grown in substrate containing either sterilized (SP) or unsterilized (UP) nature Finnish peat moss as a fungal inoculum. Vegetative growth, fungal colonization frequency (Cf) and intensity (Ci), substrate pH and electrical conductivity (EC), and plant nutritional elements were assessed. Sterilization did not completely exclude fungi resources in the peat moss and colonization of EMF and DSE was found in both SP and UP substrate types. Regardless, UP treatment resulted in greater total Cf (69.3%) and Ci (9.91%) than those of SP (41.49% and 6.17%, respectively). In either substrate type, both Cf and Ci of DSE were greater than those of EMF. Plants in UP treatment produced more shoots (2.33), number of leaves (76.33), greater total leaf area (494.18 cm2), and shoot length (121.78 cm) than in SP substrate (1.67, 24.17, 116.13 cm2, and 30.22 cm, respectively). Fresh weights of roots, shoots, and leaves in UP plants were significantly greater (7.57, 9.64, and 15.25 g, respectively) than in SP plants (1.29, 2.62, and 3.08 g, respectively). Dry weights of roots, shoots, and leaves in UP plants were also significantly greater (4.34, 2.37, and 4.51 g, respectively) than in SP plants (0.67, 0.47, and 0.90 g, respectively). Concentrations of phosphorous and magnesium in roots and potassium in shoots were increased in UP plants while other nutritional elements remained consistent. Contents of all nutritional elements were increased in UP plants due to greater dry weight. After the establishment of the transplants, pH and EC of both substrate types were in the optimal range for blueberries but significant lower pH while higher EC were measured in UP substrate. The results indicated that using nature Finnish peat moss as a symbiotic fungi inoculum was capable of establishing symbiotic fungal colonization and promoting rooting and vegetative growth in rabbiteye blueberry cuttings.

中文翻译：

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自然界中的共生真菌芬兰泥炭藓促进兔眼蓝莓插条的营养生长

在自然条件下，杜鹃花科植物根与菌根真菌或其他土壤共生真菌的共生可提高养分吸收效率和对重金属胁迫的耐受性。已经在高丛蓝莓 (Vaccinium corymbosum) 中评估了 ericoid 菌根真菌 (EMF) 或深色有隔内生菌 (DSE) 定植的影响，但在兔眼蓝莓 (V. virgatum Ait.) 中仍不清楚。在这项研究中，“NTU-104”兔眼蓝莓的愈伤组织插条在含有灭菌 (SP) 或未灭菌 (UP) 天然芬兰泥炭藓作为真菌接种物的基质中生长。评估了营养生长、真菌定植频率 (Cf) 和强度 (Ci)、底物 pH 值和电导率 (EC) 以及植物营养元素。灭菌并没有完全排除泥炭藓中的真菌资源，并且在 SP 和 UP 基质类型中都发现了 EMF 和 DSE 的定植。无论如何，UP 治疗导致的总 Cf (69.3%) 和 Ci (9.91%) 高于 SP（分别为 41.49% 和 6.17%）。在任一基材类型中，DSE 的 Cf 和 Ci 均大于 EMF。UP 处理的植物比 SP 基质（1.67、24.17、116.13 cm2 和 30.22 cm）产生更多的芽 (2.33)、叶数 (76.33)、更大的总叶面积 (494.18 cm2) 和芽长 (121.78 cm)分别）。UP 植物中根、芽和叶的鲜重（分别为 7.57、9.64 和 15.25 g）显着大于 SP 植物（分别为 1.29、2.62 和 3.08 g）。UP 植物中根、芽和叶的干重也显着更大 (4.34, 2.37, 和 4.51 g）比在 SP 植物中（分别为 0.67、0.47 和 0.90 g）。UP 植物根中磷和镁的浓度以及芽中钾的浓度增加，而其他营养元素保持一致。由于更大的干重，UP 植物中所有营养元素的含量都增加了。移植物建立后，两种底物类型的 pH 和 EC 均在蓝莓的最佳范围内，但 pH 值显着降低，而在 UP 底物中测得的 EC 较高。结果表明，使用天然芬兰泥炭藓作为共生真菌接种物能够在兔眼蓝莓插条中建立共生真菌定植并促进生根和营养生长。UP 植物根中磷和镁的浓度以及芽中钾的浓度增加，而其他营养元素保持一致。由于更大的干重，UP 植物中所有营养元素的含量都增加了。移植物建立后，两种底物类型的 pH 和 EC 均在蓝莓的最佳范围内，但 pH 值显着降低，而在 UP 底物中测得的 EC 较高。结果表明，使用天然芬兰泥炭藓作为共生真菌接种物能够在兔眼蓝莓插条中建立共生真菌定植并促进生根和营养生长。UP 植物根中磷和镁的浓度以及芽中钾的浓度增加，而其他营养元素保持一致。由于更大的干重，UP 植物中所有营养元素的含量都增加了。移植物建立后，两种底物类型的 pH 和 EC 均在蓝莓的最佳范围内，但 pH 值显着降低，而在 UP 底物中测得的 EC 较高。结果表明，使用天然芬兰泥炭藓作为共生真菌接种物能够在兔眼蓝莓插条中建立共生真菌定植并促进生根和营养生长。由于更大的干重，UP 植物中所有营养元素的含量都增加了。移植物建立后，两种底物类型的 pH 和 EC 均在蓝莓的最佳范围内，但 pH 值显着降低，而在 UP 底物中测得的 EC 较高。结果表明，使用天然芬兰泥炭藓作为共生真菌接种物能够在兔眼蓝莓插条中建立共生真菌定植并促进生根和营养生长。由于更大的干重，UP 植物中所有营养元素的含量都增加了。移植物建立后，两种底物类型的 pH 和 EC 均在蓝莓的最佳范围内，但 pH 值显着降低，而在 UP 底物中测得的 EC 较高。结果表明，使用天然芬兰泥炭藓作为共生真菌接种物能够在兔眼蓝莓插条中建立共生真菌定植并促进生根和营养生长。