Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial, chronic, immune-mediated, and neurodegenerative disease, having a well-known hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction. Several hormones have a great impact in the immune dysregulation, psychology, and cognitive status of patients with MS, as also in the fertility and response to treatment. In this comprehensive review, as an introduction, we mention basic data concerning MS: epidemiology, genetics, immunogenetics, epigenetics, pathophysiology, and neuroimmunology. Hormonal components of the disease cascade, mainly glucocorticoids (stress-related hormone), estrogens, prolactin and dehydroepiandrosterone (sex-related hormones), melatonin, and vitamin D, are discussed, aiming at focusing on core data regarding the impact of these hormones in MS pathophysiology, severity of the disease, correlation with comorbid mental disorders, and fertility. A great focus is given in the pre- and post-pregnancy period of MS patients, in the context of the disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) and HPA status, having in mind that there are only very limited knowledge and few papers on this specific life period of these women, having MS. All this data are presented in the main text and also in the workable tables, for the first time, suggesting targeted topics that need to be addressed in the near future.

多发性硬化症（MS）是一种多因素，慢性，免疫介导的神经退行性疾病，具有众所周知的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴功能障碍。几种激素对MS患者的免疫失调，心理和认知状况都有很大影响，对生育能力和治疗反应也有很大影响。在本综述中，作为引言，我们提到了有关MS的基本数据：流行病学，遗传学，免疫遗传学，表观遗传学，病理生理学和神经免疫学。讨论了该疾病级联的激素成分，主要是糖皮质激素（与压力有关的激素），雌激素，催乳素和脱氢表雄酮（与性有关的激素），褪黑激素和维生素D，目的是集中于有关这些激素在体内的影响的核心数据。 MS病理生理，疾病严重程度，与合并症，精神疾病和生育能力相关。考虑到疾病的治疗方法（DMT）和HPA状况，MS孕妇在妊娠前和妊娠后非常关注，因为他们对此知识的了解非常有限，而且很少论文这些妇女的生命周期，患有MS。所有这些数据都首次在正文和可用表格中提出，提出了在不久的将来需要解决的有针对性的主题。