Identification of pyraloid species is often hampered by highly similar external morphology requiring microscopic dissection of genitalia. This becomes especially obvious when mass samples from ecological studies or insect monitoring have to be analysed. DNA barcode sequences could accelerate identification, but are not available for most pyraloid species from New Zealand. Hence, we are presenting a first DNA-barcode library for this group, providing 440 COI barcodes (cytochrome C oxidase I sequences) for 73 morphologically-identified species, which is 29% of Pyraloidea known from New Zealand. Results are analysed using the Barcode Index Number system (BIN) of BOLD and the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery method (ABGD). Using BIN, the 440 barcodes reveal 82 clusters. A perfect match between BIN assignment and morphological identification was found for 63 species (86.3%). Four species (5.5%) share BINs, each with two species in one BIN, of which Glaucocharis epiphaea and Glaucocharis harmonica even share the same barcode. In contrast, six species (8.2%) split into two or more BINs, with the highest number of five BINs for Orocrambus ramosellus. The interspecific variation of all collected specimens of New Zealand Pyraloidea averages 12.54%. There are deep intraspecific divergences (> 2%) in seven species, for instance Orocrambus vulgaris with up to 6.6% and Scoparia ustimacula with 5.5%. Using ABGD, the 440 barcodes reveal 71 or 88 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), depending on the preferred partition. A perfect match between OTU and morphological identification was found for 56 species (76.7%) or 62 species (84.9%). ABGD delivers four or seven species sharing OTUs and four or ten species split into more than one OTU. Morphological re-examination, as well as the analysis of a concatenated dataset of COI and the nuclear markers EF1α and GADPH for species split into more than one BIN or OTU, do not support a higher number of species. Likewise, there is no evidence for Wolbachia infection as a trigger for these sequence variations.

中文翻译：

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Aotearoa新西兰Pyraloidea（鳞翅目）的DNA条码

拟南芥物种的鉴定通常受到高度相似的外部形态的妨碍，需要显微解剖生殖器。当必须分析来自生态学研究或昆虫监测的大量样品时，这一点尤其明显。DNA条形码序列可以加快识别速度，但不适用于来自新西兰的大多数吡喃类物种。因此，我们为该组提供了第一个DNA条形码库，为73种形态鉴定的物种提供了440个COI条形码（细胞色素C氧化酶I序列），占新西兰已知的Pyraloidea的29％。使用BOLD的条形码索引系统（BIN）和自动条形码间隙发现方法（ABGD）分析结果。使用BIN，440条码显示82个簇。在63种（86.3％）的BIN中发现BIN分配和形态学鉴定之间的完美匹配。四种（5.5％）共享BIN，每种都在一个BIN中具有两种，其中青附和口琴甚至共享相同的条形码。相比之下，六个物种（8.2％）分为两个或多个BIN，其中Orocrambus ramosellus的五个BIN数量最多。所有收集的新西兰Pyraloidea标本的种间变异平均为12.54％。在七个物种中有较深的种内差异（> 2％），例如寻常的短吻鳄（Orocrambus vulgaris）最多可达6.6％，而乌S（Scoparia ustimacula）则最多5.5％。使用ABGD，440条码可显示71或88个操作生物分类单位（OTU），具体取决于首选分区。在56种物种中发现了OTU与形态学鉴定之间的完美匹配（76。7％）或62种（84.9％）。ABGD提供四个或七个共享OTU的物种，将四个或十个物种分成一个以上的OTU。形态重新检查，以及对分为多个以上BIN或OTU的物种的COI和核标记EF1α和GADPH的级联数据集的分析，均不支持更多的物种。同样，没有证据表明沃尔巴氏菌感染会触发这些序列变异。