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Patterns and Causes of Signed Linkage Disequilibria in Flies and Plants
bioRxiv - Genomics Pub Date : 2021-05-03 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.25.399030
George Sandler , Stephen I. Wright , Aneil F. Agrawal

Most empirical studies of linkage disequilibrium (LD) study its magnitude, ignoring its sign. Here, we examine patterns of signed LD in two population genomic datasets, one from Capsella grandiflora and one from Drosophila melanogaster. We consider how processes such as drift, admixture, Hill-Robertson interference, and epistasis may contribute to these patterns. We report that most types of mutations exhibit positive LD, particularly, if they are predicted to be less deleterious. We show with simulations that this pattern arises easily in a model of admixture or distance biased mating, and that genome-wide differences across site types are generally expected due to differences in the strength of purifying selection even in the absence of epistasis. We further explore how signed LD decays on a finer scale, showing that loss of function mutations exhibit particularly positive LD across short distances, a pattern consistent with intragenic antagonistic epistasis. Controlling for genomic distance, signed LD in C. grandiflora decays faster within genes, compared to between genes, likely a by-product of frequent recombination in gene promoters known to occur in plant genomes. Finally, we use information from published biological networks to explore whether there is evidence for negative synergistic epistasis between interacting radical missense mutations. In D. melanogaster networks, we find a modest but significant enrichment of negative LD, consistent with the possibility of intra-network negative synergistic epistasis.

中文翻译:

果蝇和植物连锁连锁不平衡的模式和原因

连锁不平衡(LD)的大多数经验研究都忽略了其迹象,而是对其幅度进行了研究。在这里,我们检查了两个种群基因组数据集中有符号LD的模式,一个来自大花荚Cap,另一个来自果蝇。我们考虑诸如漂移,混合,希尔-罗伯逊干扰和上位性之类的过程可能如何影响这些模式。我们报告大多数类型的突变表现出阳性LD,特别是如果预测它们的有害性较小。我们通过仿真显示,这种模式很容易在混合模型或距离偏向的交配模型中出现,并且由于在没有上位的情况下,纯化选择的强度差异,通常预计整个站点类型之间的全基因组差异。我们将进一步探索带符号的LD如何在更精细的范围内衰减,表明功能丧失的突变在短距离内表现出特别积极的LD,这种模式与基因内拮抗上皮一致。控制基因组距离,与基因之间相比,桔梗中带签名的LD在基因内的衰变更快,这很可能是已知在植物基因组中发生的基因启动子中频繁重组的副产物。最后,我们使用来自已公开生物学网络的信息来探索相互作用的根本性错义突变之间是否存在负协同上位的证据。在D. melanogaster网络中,我们发现阴性LD适度但明显富集,这与网络内阴性协同上位性的可能性一致。控制基因组距离,与基因之间相比,桔梗中带符号的LD在基因内的衰变更快,这可能是已知在植物基因组中发生的基因启动子频繁重组的副产物。最后,我们使用来自已公开生物学网络的信息来探索相互作用的根本性错义突变之间是否存在负协同上位的证据。在D. melanogaster网络中,我们发现了适度但显着的阴性LD富集,这与网络内阴性协同上位性的可能性一致。控制基因组距离,与基因之间相比,桔梗中带符号的LD在基因内的衰变更快,这可能是已知在植物基因组中发生的基因启动子频繁重组的副产物。最后,我们使用来自已公开生物学网络的信息来探索相互作用的根本性错义突变之间是否存在负协同上位的证据。在D. melanogaster网络中,我们发现了适度但显着的阴性LD富集,这与网络内阴性协同上位性的可能性一致。我们使用来自已发表的生物学网络的信息来探索相互作用的自由基错义突变之间是否存在负协同上位的证据。在D. melanogaster网络中,我们发现了适度但显着的阴性LD富集,这与网络内阴性协同上位性的可能性一致。我们使用来自已发表的生物学网络的信息来探索相互作用的自由基错义突变之间是否存在负协同上位的证据。在D. melanogaster网络中,我们发现了适度但显着的阴性LD富集,这与网络内阴性协同上位性的可能性一致。
更新日期:2021-05-04
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