Anglerfishes are a highly diverse group of species with unique characteristics. Here, we report the first chromosome-level genome of a species in the order Lophiiformes, the yellow goosefish (Lophius litulon), obtained by whole genome shotgun sequencing and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture. Approximately 97.20% of the assembly spanning 709.23 Mb could be anchored to 23 chromosomes with a contig N50 of 164.91 kb. The BUSCO value was 95.4%, suggesting that the quality of the assembly was high. A comparative gene family analysis identified expanded and contracted gene families, and these may be associated with adaptation to the benthic environment and the lack of scales in the species. A majority of positively selected genes were related to metabolic processes, suggesting that digestive and metabolic system evolution expanded the diversity of yellow goosefish prey. Our study provides a valuable genetic resource for understanding the mechanisms underlying the unique features of the yellow goosefish and for investigating anglerfish evolution.

r鱼是一组高度多样化的具有独特特征的物种。在这里，我们以Lophiiformes（黄色鹅鱼）的顺序报告该物种的第一个染色体级基因组phi叶），通过全基因组shot弹枪测序和高通量染色质构象捕获获得。跨越709.23 Mb的装配中约97.20％可以锚定到23个染色体上，其重叠群N50为164.91 kb。BUSCO值为95.4％，表明组件的质量很高。一项比较基因家族分析确定了扩展和收缩的基因家族，这些可能与对底栖环境的适应和物种规模的缺乏有关。大多数积极选择的基因都与代谢过程有关，这表明消化系统和代谢系统的进化扩大了黄鹅鱼猎物的多样性。我们的研究提供了宝贵的遗传资源，可用于了解黄鹅鱼独特特征的机制以及调查琵琶鱼的进化。