Fish Ecology, Evolution, and Exploitation: A New Theoretical Synthesis. Andersen, K.A., 2019. Monographs in Population Biology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, U.S.A. xii+257 pp. US$120.00 (hardcover). ISBN 978–0691176550.

The Future of Bluefin Tunas: Ecology, Fisheries Management and Conservation. Block, B.A., 2019. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A. xiii+346 pp. US$124.95 (hardcover). ISBN 978–1421429632.

A combination of high‐quality protein and vital nutrients makes fish an invaluable food source, providing about 17% of the global human consumption of animal protein (FAO 2020). This social and economic importance, however, puts fish stocks under constant pressure and risks overexploitation, especially under modern fisheries practices. To be sustainable and maintain high yields, fish stocks require careful management, which is achieved through new developments in fisheries science and essential modeling tools.

Fish Ecology, Evolution, and Exploitation by Ken Andersen clearly demonstrates how the old‐school single stock age‐structured models from the Beverton and Holt (1957) framework may no longer be adequate to address current challenges. Contrarily, Andersen calls for an innovative size‐ and trait‐based framework that covers the entire ecosystem and should be considered in addressing current fisheries, evolution, and population ecology problems.

The book, summarizing the author's work over a decade, is divided into 4 parts that contain several chapters that follow a logical progression in complexity. Each chapter is self‐contained. This results in some repetition, but it allows readers to skip chapters and follow their own interests.

As would be expected with a new theory, the first part forms the base of the entire book and details the axiomatic foundations, from basic concepts of individual physiology and metabolism to drivers of predator–prey relationships. The book starts to shine in the second part not only because it explores the demographic (i.e., how fishing changes size structure and recruitment) and interesting evolutionary impacts of fishing, but also because it starts scaling up the theory from a steady state to a dynamic population (i.e., how abundance and structure change over time). Well‐established fisheries concepts, such as the maximum sustainable yield and cohort biomass, are reevaluated to reveal their potential beyond the classic age‐structured models.

Rules and traits on population dynamics are, however, not the same for all fishes. This becomes apparent in the shorter part 3 in which the main differences between teleosts and elasmobranchs are associated with their differences in offspring size strategy and recruitment efficiency, which make teleosts much more resilient to fishing.

After a gradual increase in the complexity of fisheries science concepts explored, the author connects everything in a full, dynamic model (i.e., from single populations to the entire community), the crowning achievement of which is the size‐ and trait‐based theory. In a single stock assessment, it is possible to make an exhaustive impact evaluation of a specific stock or species. Andersen, however, wisely presents examples, such as trophic cascades, initiated by the removal of large predators and the conflict between a forage and consumer fishery to show that assessment of the impacts of harvesting on the entire fish community is also possible and preferable. This does not mean that single stocks need to disappear, they just need to be adjusted by a more holistic approach, which would be beneficial for the entire ecosystem.

Despite being fairly complex, the model presented is conceptually simple because it is based on only 2 assumptions: big fish eat smaller fish and Kleiber's law (Kleiber 1932) (i.e., metabolic size scaling). In some parts, it deep dives into mathematics, which may be of particular interest to any scientist with a background in numerical approaches working on fish. The inclusion of many information boxes and an appendix provides additional mathematical explanations for readers. In the Epilogue, the author promises future research that will inspire new applications and thereby further development of the theory.

Bluefin tuna are currently among the species most sought after in global trade. A single Pacific bluefin (Thunnus orientalis) sold for an incredible $3 million at a Tokyo fish market. Not surprisingly, in <50 years, industrial fishing has put bluefin tuna populations at critical risk across the planet. Fortunately, careful management practices are now helping some populations to recover, but there is still an urgent need for new models that incorporate biological data and quantitative modern fisheries science to allow proper management, dynamic protection of spawning populations, and better estimates of population biomass.

In The Future of Bluefin Tunas, Barbara A. Block, who spent most of her career studying tunas, brings together renowned bluefin experts to share the latest information on the science, fisheries policy, and management decisions related to the 3 species of bluefin tuna–Atlantic (Thunnus thynnus), Pacific (T. orientalis), and Southern (T. maccoyii).

The book has 3 parts, one for each bluefin tuna species. This organization provides a clear picture of the different levels of knowledge about and the similarities among the species. The Atlantic bluefin tuna may be the most impressive of the 3, capable of reaching an impressive 725 kg (Cort et al. 2013), and the most challenging to manage. It is the only known tuna species that has 2 genetically distinct populations that differ in age at maturity and spawning location. These differences in the reproductive behavior lead the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas to create a management line at 45° W to separate the populations, but their highly migratory behavior results in individuals from both populations crossing the management line following a hard‐to‐predict and extensive mixing throughout the North Atlantic. The first chapter gives a comprehensive overview of the management problems associated with Atlantic bluefin and discusses recent evidence that both populations may be recovering, partially due to enforcement of regulations in the Mediterranean. In the following chapters, one comes to understand fully the migration patterns and mixing rates of the populations through presentation of the results of applications of the powerful modern techniques of otolith microchemistry and electronic tagging. Readers are also introduced to the interesting possibility of the existence of subpopulations in the Mediterranean Sea, an idea supported by behavioral data, but not by genetics.

Similar to its Atlantic congener, the Pacific bluefin tuna also has 2 main spawning grounds that differ in the average size and age composition of the fish present, but there is no evidence of genetic differentiation. The pacific bluefin has the largest home range of any bluefin species. This becomes clear in the chapters that explore their life history and migrations, which are based on research in which stable isotopes and electronic tagging were used to reveal the trans‐Pacific migrations and residency times in the eastern Pacific. It becomes obvious that there is still much information missing on this species, particularly on the western side of the Pacific (e.g., in regards to migrations of large adults during the nonspawning periods and connectivity between spawning groups), which substantially hinders proper management of this valuable resource.

The exploration of southern bluefin tuna management focuses on the long and sustained commitment to research, monitoring, and development of new techniques. Southern bluefin management can be an example for every tuna species at risk of overexploitation. In a mere 2 chapters fully dedicated to this species, readers are presented with well‐written, rich content that starts with the history of the commercial tuna fishery, moves on to research on key areas that have contributed to the strategic plan (e.g., biology, movement and migration, recruitment monitoring, and close kin abundance), and finishes with the implementation of the rebuilding plan known as the Bali Procedure (Hillary et al. 2012).

Another chapter on southern bluefin is especially memorable because it contains wisely chosen case studies that show how powerful habitat‐forecast models can be developed. Readers can thus understand the usefulness of these forecasts to fishers, scientists, and managers when planning a trip or when underway and how these forecasts can be applied to other bluefin species and be used to predict changes due to climate change.

The final 2 short chapters deal with aquaculture and reveal curiosities about reproductive behavior and life cycle and present the tough challenges of raising bluefin tuna in captivity. Aquaculture tuna is presented as analogous to a luxury good purchased to display wealth.

Synthesizing current applied research and future directions, the book successfully delves into every aspect of these majestic fish, from their life history and genetic structure to their ecology and migrations. For researchers, conservationists, students, fishery managers, and policy makers, the Future of Bluefin Tunas will be an indispensable resource, with the ultimate goals of generating a collaborative atmosphere among people concerned with their status and inspiring their sustainable management and conservation.

鱼类生态，进化与开发：一个新的理论综合。美国安德森，2019年。《人口生物学专论》。普林斯顿大学出版社，美国新泽西州普林斯顿xii + 257 pp.120.00美元（精装）。ISBN 978–0691176550。

蓝鳍金枪鱼的未来：生态，渔业管理和保护。Block，文学士，2019年。约翰霍普金斯大学出版社，巴尔的摩，马里兰州，美国xiii + 346 pp。US $ 124.95（精装）。ISBN 978–1421429632。

A combination of high‐quality protein and vital nutrients makes fish an invaluable food source, providing about 17% of the global human consumption of animal protein (FAO 2020). This social and economic importance, however, puts fish stocks under constant pressure and risks overexploitation, especially under modern fisheries practices. To be sustainable and maintain high yields, fish stocks require careful management, which is achieved through new developments in fisheries science and essential modeling tools.

Fish Ecology, Evolution, and Exploitation by Ken Andersen clearly demonstrates how the old‐school single stock age‐structured models from the Beverton and Holt (1957) framework may no longer be adequate to address current challenges. Contrarily, Andersen calls for an innovative size‐ and trait‐based framework that covers the entire ecosystem and should be considered in addressing current fisheries, evolution, and population ecology problems.

The book, summarizing the author's work over a decade, is divided into 4 parts that contain several chapters that follow a logical progression in complexity. Each chapter is self‐contained. This results in some repetition, but it allows readers to skip chapters and follow their own interests.

As would be expected with a new theory, the first part forms the base of the entire book and details the axiomatic foundations, from basic concepts of individual physiology and metabolism to drivers of predator–prey relationships. The book starts to shine in the second part not only because it explores the demographic (i.e., how fishing changes size structure and recruitment) and interesting evolutionary impacts of fishing, but also because it starts scaling up the theory from a steady state to a dynamic population (i.e., how abundance and structure change over time). Well‐established fisheries concepts, such as the maximum sustainable yield and cohort biomass, are reevaluated to reveal their potential beyond the classic age‐structured models.

但是，并非所有鱼类都具有相同的种群动态规律和特征。这在较短的第3部分中变得显而易见，在该部分中，硬骨鱼和弹性支之间的主要差异与其后代大小策略和募集效率的差异有关，这使硬骨鱼对捕鱼的适应力更大。

在探索了渔业科学概念的复杂性逐渐增加之后，作者将所有内容以完整，动态的模型（即，从单个种群到整个社区）联系起来，其最高成就是基于规模和特征的理论。在单个种群评估中，可以对特定种群或物种进行详尽的影响评估。但是，安徒生明智地介绍了一些例子，例如营养级联，其由去除大型捕食者引发，以及饲料和食用渔业之间的冲突，表明对收获对整个鱼类群落的影响进行评估也是可能且可取的。这并不意味着单一种群需要消失，它们只需要通过更全面的方法进行调整，这将对整个生态系统有利。

尽管模型相当复杂，但从概念上讲，该模型还是简单的，因为它仅基于两个假设：大鱼吃小鱼和克莱伯定律（Kleiber 1932）（即代谢规模定标）。在某些部分中，它深入研究了数学，这对于任何从事数值方法研究鱼类的科学家都可能特别感兴趣。其中包括许多信息框和附录，为读者提供了更多的数学解释。在结语中，作者承诺未来的研究将激发新的应用，从而进一步发展该理论。

蓝鳍金枪鱼目前是全球贸易中最受追捧的物种之一。一只太平洋蓝鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus Orientalis）在东京鱼市上以不可思议的300万美元成交。不足为奇的是，在不到50年的时间里，工业化捕捞使蓝鳍金枪鱼种群面临整个星球的重大风险。幸运的是，谨慎的管理实践现在正在帮助一些种群恢复，但是仍然迫切需要新模型，这些模型应结合生物学数据和定量现代渔业科学，以进行适当管理，对产卵种群进行动态保护以及更好地估计种群生物量。

在《蓝鳍金枪鱼的未来》中，芭芭拉·A·布洛克（Barbara A. Block）花费了大部分时间研究金枪鱼，汇集了著名的蓝鳍金枪鱼专家，以分享有关3种蓝鳍金枪鱼的科学，渔业政策和管理决策的最新信息，大西洋（Thunnus thynnus），太平洋（T. Orientalis）和南部（T. maccoyii）。

该书分为三部分，每个蓝鳍金枪鱼种类一个。该组织清楚地描述了物种的不同知识水平和物种之间的相似性。大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼可能是3种中最令人印象深刻的，能够达到令人印象深刻的725公斤（Cort等人，2013），并且最具挑战性。它是唯一已知的金枪鱼物种，具有两个遗传上不同的种群，它们的成熟和产卵位置的年龄不同。生殖行为上的这些差异导致国际大西洋金枪鱼养护委员会在45°W处建立了一条管理线以隔离种群，但是它们的高度迁徙行为导致两个种群中的个体在难以实现之后越过管理线预测和整个北大西洋的广泛混合。第一章全面概述了与大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼相关的管理问题，并讨论了最近的证据，表明这两种种群可能正在恢复，部分原因是由于地中海法规的执行。在以下各章中，通过介绍耳石微化学和电子标记的强大现代技术的应用结果，人们可以充分了解种群的迁移模式和混合速率。还向读者介绍了地中海中亚种群存在的有趣可能性，这一观点得到了行为数据的支持，但没有遗传学的支持。

与大西洋同类金枪鱼相似，太平洋蓝鳍金枪鱼也有两个主要产卵场，它们的平均大小和成鱼年龄组成不同，但没有遗传分化的证据。太平洋蓝鳍金枪鱼是所有蓝鳍金枪鱼物种中最大的家。这在探讨其生活历史和迁移的各章中变得很清楚，这些章基于研究，其中使用稳定的同位素和电子标签来揭示东太平洋的跨太平洋迁移和居住时间。显而易见的是，仍然有很多关于该物种的信息，特别是在太平洋西侧（例如，关于非产卵期大成虫的迁徙以及产卵组之间的连通性），

南部蓝鳍金枪鱼管理的探索集中在对新技术的研究，监测和开发的长期和持续的承诺上。南方蓝鳍金枪鱼管理可能是每个有过度开发风险的金枪鱼物种的一个例子。在仅专注于该物种的仅两章中，向读者介绍了精心编写的丰富内容，其内容来自商业金枪鱼渔业的历史，并继续研究对战略计划做出贡献的关键领域（例如生物学，迁徙和迁徙，征聘监测和近亲属），并以称为“巴厘程序”的重建计划的实施结束（Hillary等，2012年）。

关于南部蓝鳍金枪鱼的另一章尤其令人难忘，因为它包含了明智选择的案例研究，这些案例研究表明了如何开发强大的栖息地预测模型。因此，读者可以在计划行程或进行航行时了解这些预测对渔民，科学家和管理人员的有用性，以及如何将这些预测应用于其他蓝鳍金枪鱼物种并用于预测由于气候变化而引起的变化。

最后的短短两章涉及水产养殖，并揭示了有关繁殖行为和生命周期的好奇心，并提出了圈养蓝鳍金枪鱼的艰巨挑战。水产养殖金枪鱼的出现类似于购买奢侈品来展示财富。

该书综合了当前的应用研究和未来方向，成功地研究了这些雄伟鱼类的各个方面，从其生活史和遗传结构到生态和迁徙。对于研究人员，保护主义者，学生，渔业经理和政策制定者来说，蓝鳍金枪鱼的 未来 将是必不可少的资源，其最终目标是在关注其地位的人们之间营造协作氛围，并激发他们的可持续管理和保护意识。