Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biocompatible, nano‐sized secreted vesicles containing many types of biomolecules, including proteins, RNAs, DNAs, lipids, and metabolites. Their low immunogenicity and ability to functionally modify recipient cells by transferring diverse bioactive constituents make them an excellent candidate for a next‐generation drug delivery system. Here, the recent advances in EV biology and emerging strategies of EV bioengineering are summarized, and the prospects for clinical translation of bioengineered EVs and the challenges to be overcome are discussed.

中文翻译：

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揭示细胞外囊泡生物发生和生物工程

细胞外囊泡 (EV) 是生物相容性纳米大小的分泌囊泡，含有多种类型的生物分子，包括蛋白质、RNA、DNA、脂质和代谢物。它们的低免疫原性和通过转移多种生物活性成分对受体细胞进行功能修饰的能力使它们成为下一代药物输送系统的绝佳候选者。本文总结了EV生物学的最新进展和EV生物工程的新兴策略，并讨论了生物工程EV临床转化的前景和需要克服的挑战。