In this study, three anionic-cationic zwitterionic Gemini surfactants containing three different hydrophobic tails were prepared and their chemical structures were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The hydrophobic tail of the synthesized phospho-zwitterionic Gemini surfactants significantly affected the morphological structure of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) prepared using a photochemical reduction method, which utilized sunlight as a surplus source of a reducing agent. Increasing the hydrophobic tail length of the surfactant promoted the formation of AgNPs exhibiting smaller particle sizes with a uniform structure. Moreover, as confirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), these AgNPs displayed higher stability in solution than those synthesized in the presence of Gemini surfactants with a shorter hydrocarbon tail. The impact of tail variation on the catalytic and antimicrobial performance of AgNPs was also examined. The synthesized surfactant/AgNP systems showed remarkable catalytic activity in the removal of certain toxic pollutants, including para-nitrophenol (p-NP) and methylene blue (MB), which were converted into less toxic compounds in the presence of NaBH₄. Notably, the surfactant exhibiting the longest chain hydrocarbon, i.e., ZGH, produced AgNPs with the highest catalytic activity. This is the first study concerning the effects of the surfactant tail on the catalytic activity of NPs. The good biological performance of the synthesized Gemini surfactants against sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) demonstrated their potential for application in mitigating the growth of SRB during petroleum treatment processes. The combination of the synthesized surfactants with AgNPs significantly enhanced their biological performance.

在这项研究中，制备了包含三种不同疏水尾的三种阴离子-阳离子两性离子双子表面活性剂，并通过傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和¹证实了它们的化学结构。H核磁共振（NMR）光谱。合成的磷酸两性离子双子表面活性剂的疏水尾部显着影响了使用光化学还原方法制备的银纳米颗粒（AgNP）的形态结构，该方法利用阳光作为多余的还原剂来源。增加表面活性剂的疏水尾部长度促进了AgNP的形成，所述AgNP显示出具有均一结构的较小粒径。此外，正如紫外可见光谱，动态光散射（DLS）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）所证实的，这些AgNP在溶液中的稳定性要高于在双子表面活性剂和较短烃的存在下合成的AgNP。尾巴。还检查了尾部变化对AgNPs催化和抗菌性能的影响。合成的表面活性剂/ AgNP系统在去除某些有毒污染物方面表现出显着的催化活性，包括对硝基苯酚（p -NP）和亚甲基蓝（MB），在NaBH ₄存在下被转化为毒性较小的化合物。值得注意的是，表现出最长链烃即ZGH的表面活性剂产生具有最高催化活性的AgNP。这是第一个有关表面活性剂尾部对NPs催化活性影响的研究。合成的Gemini表面活性剂对硫酸盐还原细菌（SRB）具有良好的生物学性能，证明了其在减轻石油处理过程中SRB的生长方面的潜力。合成的表面活性剂与AgNPs的结合显着增强了其生物学性能。