Neurotoxic insecticides are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems, frequently as part of complex mixtures. Freshwater gastropods are generally underrepresented in neurotoxicity evaluations and cumulative toxicity testing. This study investigates the behavioural and biochemical effects of acute exposures to the carbamate carbaryl, the organophosphate chlorpyrifos, and the neonicotinoid acetamiprid on the freshwater gastropod Chilina gibbosa. First, we evaluated behavioural neurotoxicity and cholinesterase (ChE), carboxylesterase (CE), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in acute (48h) single-chemical exposures to increasing concentrations of carbaryl (0.5–500 μg L^-1), chlorpyrifos (10–7500 μg L^-1), and acetamiprid (1–10000 μg L^-1). We then studied the effects of acute (48h) exposures to binary mixtures of carbaryl and chlorpyrifos equivalent to 0.5, 1, and 1.5 ChE 48h-IC₅₀. None of the insecticides caused severe behavioural neurotoxicity, except for a significant lack of adherence by 5000 μg L^-1 chlorpyrifos. Carbaryl caused concentration-dependent inhibition of ChEs (NOEC 5 μg L^-1; 48h-IC₅₀ 45 μg L^-1) and CEs with p-nitrophenyl butyrate as substrate (NOEC 5 μg L^-1; 48h-IC₅₀ 37 μg L^-1). Chlorpyrifos caused concentration-dependent inhibition of ChEs (NOEC 50 μg L^-1; 48h-IC₅₀ 946 μg L^-1) but did not affect CEs (NOEC ≥7500 μg L^-1). Carbaryl-chlorpyrifos mixtures inhibited ChEs additively, inhibited CEs with p-nitrophenyl butyrate, and did not affect behaviour. GST activity was not affected by single or mixture exposures. Acute exposure to acetamiprid did not affect any of the endpoints evaluated. This study provides new information on carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, and acetamiprid toxicity on C. gibbosa, relevant to improve gastropod representation in ecotoxicological risk assessment.

神经毒性杀虫剂在水生生态系统中无处不在，通常作为复杂混合物的一部分。在神经毒性评估和累积毒性测试中，淡水腹足类动物的代表性通常不足。这项研究调查了急性暴露于氨基甲酸酯西维因，有机磷酸毒死rif和新烟碱对乙酰氨基苯甲酸对淡水腹足类动物赤霉素的行为和生化影响。首先，我们评估了在逐渐升高的西维因浓度（0.5–500μgL ^-1）的急性单次化学暴露（48h）中的行为神经毒性和胆碱酯酶（ChE），羧酸酯酶（CE）和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）活性，毒死rif（10–7500μgL ^-1）和乙酰胺（1–10000μgL ^-1）。然后，我们研究了急性（48h）暴露于相当于0.5、1和1.5 ChE 48h-IC ₅₀的西维因和毒死rif的二元混合物的影响。除明显缺乏5000μgL ^-1毒死rif的粘附性外，没有一种杀虫剂引起严重的行为神经毒性。西维因引起胆碱酯酶（NOEC 5微克升浓度依赖性抑制^-1 ; 48小时-IC ₅₀ 45微克大号^-1）和CE与对硝基苯基丁酸酯作为底物（NOEC 5微克大号^-1 ; 48小时-IC ₅₀ 37微克大号^-1）。毒死蜱引起胆碱酯酶（NOEC 50微克升浓度依赖性抑制^-1 ; 48小时-IC ₅₀ 946微克大号^-1），但不影响CE（NOEC≥7500μgL ^-1）。十八碳-毒死rif混合物可加成抑制ChEs，用对硝基苯基丁酸酯抑制CEs，并且不影响其行为。GST活性不受单次或混合暴露的影响。急性接触乙酰胺并没有影响任何评估的终点。这项研究提供了新的信息，有关西维因，毒死rif和对乙酰氨基苯甲酸对吉布斯的毒性，这些信息与改善腹足动物在生态毒理学风险评估中的代表性有关。