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Biochemical indicators drive soil quality in integrated crop–livestock–forestry systems
Agroforestry Systems ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-25 , DOI: 10.1007/s10457-020-00547-w
Leciana de Menezes Sousa Zago , Werther Pereira Ramalho , Carlos de Melo Silva-Neto , Samantha Salomão Caramori

Integrated crop, livestock, and forestry systems (iCLF) have been widely heralded as a sustainable farming method in comparison to conventional pastures. However, intensive soil use and management modify ecosystem function, particularly biogeochemical cycling. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are changes in soil chemistry or biochemistry after the conversion of pasture into iCLF in the Brazilian Cerrado. Additionally, we compared three iCLF areas initiated 3, 5, and 8 years before this study to test the effect of time since conversion to iCLF (age) on soil chemistry and biochemistry and on microbial carbon (C). Conventional pasture and native Cerrado soils were used as controls. Microbial C and biochemical activity were dependent on the plant cover and age of the iCLF, but soil physicochemical properties were sensitive only to the agroecosystem type. Enzyme activity and microbial C were higher in native Cerrado soils, followed by iCLF and pasture soils, respectively. There was an inverse relationship between iCLF age and microbial C and β-Glucosidase and phenol oxidase activities. The results suggest that the response of the microbial community depends on the soil composition and the iCLF age. Nutrient cycling in iCLF increases with age of the system and varies by management subtype within the iCLF (i.e., forestry or grazing areas). The implementation of iCLF changes soil conditions, which generates a positive response in the microbial community. The adoption of iCLF increases microbial activity and enhances soil quality over short–medium timescales (5 years).



中文翻译:

生化指标推动农作物-畜牧-林业综合系统的土壤质量

与传统牧场相比,综合作物,牲畜和林业系统(iCLF)被广泛宣传为一种可持续的耕作方法。然而,大量的土壤利用和管理改变了生态系统的功能,特别是生物地球化学循环。这项研究的目的是确定在巴西Cerrado地区将牧场转换为iCLF之后,土壤化学或生物化学是否发生变化。此外,我们比较了在这项研究之前的3、5和8年启动的三个iCLF区域,以测试自转换为iCLF以来的时间(年龄)对土壤化学和生物化学以及微生物碳(C)的影响。常规牧场和天然Cerrado土壤用作对照。微生物的C和生化活性取决于iCLF的植物覆盖率和年龄,但是土壤理化性质仅对农业生态系统类型敏感。天然塞拉多土壤中的酶活性和微生物C较高,其次是iCLF和牧草土壤。iCLF年龄与微生物C和β-葡萄糖苷酶及酚氧化酶活性呈反比关系。结果表明,微生物群落的响应取决于土壤成分和iCLF年龄。iCLF中的养分循环随着系统的老化而增加,并随iCLF中的管理亚型(即林业或牧场)而变化。iCLF的实施改变了土壤条件,从而在微生物群落中产生了积极的反应。iCLF的采用可在短期(5年)内提高微生物活性并提高土壤质量。天然塞拉多土壤中的酶活性和微生物C较高,其次是iCLF和牧草土壤。iCLF年龄与微生物C和β-葡萄糖苷酶及酚氧化酶活性呈反比关系。结果表明,微生物群落的响应取决于土壤成分和iCLF年龄。iCLF中的养分循环随着系统的老化而增加,并随iCLF中的管理亚型(即林业或牧场)而变化。iCLF的实施改变了土壤条件,从而在微生物群落中产生了积极的反应。iCLF的采用可在短期(5年)内提高微生物活性并提高土壤质量。天然塞拉多土壤中的酶活性和微生物C较高,其次是iCLF和牧草土壤。iCLF年龄与微生物C和β-葡萄糖苷酶及酚氧化酶活性呈反比关系。结果表明,微生物群落的响应取决于土壤成分和iCLF年龄。iCLF中的养分循环随着系统的老化而增加,并随iCLF中的管理亚型(即林业或牧场)而变化。iCLF的实施改变了土壤条件,从而在微生物群落中产生了积极的反应。iCLF的采用可在短期(5年)内提高微生物活性并提高土壤质量。iCLF年龄与微生物C和β-葡萄糖苷酶及酚氧化酶活性呈反比关系。结果表明,微生物群落的响应取决于土壤成分和iCLF年龄。iCLF中的养分循环随着系统的老化而增加,并随iCLF中的管理亚型(即林业或牧场)而变化。iCLF的实施改变了土壤条件,从而在微生物群落中产生了积极的反应。iCLF的采用可在短期(5年)内提高微生物活性并提高土壤质量。iCLF年龄与微生物C和β-葡萄糖苷酶及酚氧化酶活性呈反比关系。结果表明,微生物群落的响应取决于土壤成分和iCLF年龄。iCLF中的养分循环随着系统的老化而增加,并随iCLF中的管理亚型(即林业或牧场)而变化。iCLF的实施改变了土壤条件,从而在微生物群落中产生了积极的反应。iCLF的采用可在短期(5年)内提高微生物活性并提高土壤质量。iCLF中的养分循环随着系统的老化而增加,并随iCLF中的管理亚型(即林业或牧场)而变化。iCLF的实施改变了土壤条件,从而在微生物群落中产生了积极的反应。iCLF的采用可在短期(5年)内提高微生物活性并提高土壤质量。iCLF中的养分循环随着系统的老化而增加,并随iCLF中的管理亚型(即林业或牧场)而变化。iCLF的实施改变了土壤条件,从而在微生物群落中产生了积极的反应。iCLF的采用可在短期(5年)内提高微生物活性并提高土壤质量。

更新日期:2020-11-27
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