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Crisis and catharsis in atomic physics
Science ( IF 56.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-26 , DOI: 10.1126/science.abf0589
Wim Ubachs 1
Affiliation  

Precise measurement of an atomic hydrogen transition resolves the proton size puzzle The spectrum of the simplest atomic species, the hydrogen (H) atom with only a single electron, was initially described with Bohr's theory of 1913 and was refined with newer theories, from Schrödinger's quantum mechanics to Dirac's relativistic formalism and ultimately Feynman-Schwinger-Tomonaga's quantum electrodynamics (QED). The latter includes the effects of virtual particles that emerge from the vacuum and deals with the problem that the energy of a charged point particle is infinite. The comparison between theory and precise measurements of the H atom ran into a crisis in 2010, when measurements on muonic hydrogen (where muons replace electrons) (1) led to two different values of the size of the proton, rp (see the figure). A decade-long period of the “proton size puzzle” spurred renewed experimental activity and many far-reaching hypothetical theories. On page 1061, Grinin et al. (2) report the precision measurement of the 1S-3S transition to help finally resolve this crisis.

中文翻译:

原子物理学中的危机与宣泄

原子氢跃迁的精确测量解决了质子大小难题 最简单的原子种类,只有一个电子的氢 (H) 原子的光谱最初是用玻尔 1913 年的理论描述的,并用来自薛定谔的量子的新理论加以完善力学到狄拉克的相对论形式主义和最终费曼-施温格-朝永的量子电动力学(QED)。后者包括从真空中出现的虚粒子的影响,并处理带电点粒子能量无穷大的问题。H 原子的理论与精确测量之间的比较在 2010 年遇到了危机,当时对 μ 子氢(μ子取代电子)(1)的测量导致质子大小的两个不同值 rp(见图) . 长达十年的“质子大小之谜”激发了新的实验活动和许多影响深远的假设理论。在第 1061 页,Grinin 等人。(2)报告1S-3S过渡的精密测量,帮助最终化解这场危机。
更新日期:2020-11-26
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