The differences in plant phenology between rural and urban areas are the subject of research conducted all over the world. There are few studies aimed at assessing the impact of the urban heat island on plant vegetation only in urban areas. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the distance from the city center and the form of land cover on the phenological development of trees using the example of the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.). The research area covered the entire city of Wrocław. In order to best capture the impact of the distance from the city center on the rate of changes of individual phenophases, 3 areas were designated—at a distance of 1 km, 2 km and 5 km. The study assessed the average duration of individual phenological phases along with the variability characteristics for leafing, flowering and fruiting in relation to the designated zones and classified forms of land cover based on mean value (?̅) and standard deviation (± SD) in individual weeks of the year. For the leafing and flowering phases, the frequency of the occurrence of phases in individual weeks of the year was analyzed in relation to the designated zones and classified land use methods. The results obtained on the basis of phenological observations carried out in 2017 in Wrocław confirmed the extension of the period of vegetation in the city center in relation to its peripheries. Trees growing in road lanes entered the vegetation period later and defoliated faster, which confirms the negative impact of street conditions on the development of trees in urban space. Thus, the growing season in road lanes is shorter and due to the 1-year observation period, it is justified to conduct further observations.

中文翻译：

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城市环境对欧洲七叶树物候现象的影响。以弗罗茨瓦夫为例（波兰）

城乡之间植物物候学的差异是全世界研究的主题。很少有研究旨在评估城市热岛仅在城市地区对植物植被的影响。这项研究的目的是使用七叶树（Aesculus hippocastanum）评估距市中心的距离和土地覆盖形式对树木物候学发展的影响。L.）。研究区域覆盖了弗罗茨瓦夫的整个城市。为了最好地捕获距市中心的距离对各个表相变化速率的影响，指定了3个区域，分别为1 km，2 km和5 km。该研究评估了各个物候期的平均持续时间，以及相对于指定区域和基于土地覆盖的分类形式（根据平均值（Δ̅）和标准差（±SD））的叶子，开花和结果的变异性特征。一年中的几周。对于生叶和开花阶段，分析了一年中各个星期相对于指定区域和分类土地利用方法的阶段发生频率。根据2017年在弗罗茨瓦夫进行的物候观测获得的结果证实了市中心周边地区植被的延长。在行车道上生长的树木进入植被期较晚，并迅速脱叶，这证实了街道条件对城市空间树木生长的负面影响。因此，行车道的生长季节较短，并且由于一年的观察期，因此有理由进行进一步观察。