The concept of food quality, traditionally based on nutritional and sensory properties, has recently acquired an additional meaning, referring to the health-promoting properties of plant products, that are ascribed to plant secondary metabolites called phytochemicals, primarily represented by polyphenolic compounds and glucosinolates. The diversity and content of phytochemicals in plant products are affected by different variables, such as plant genotype, agronomic factors, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which establish mycorrhizal symbioses with most crops, including cereals, legumes, vegetables, fruit trees, sunflower, cotton, and sugarcane. AMF and associated bacteria enhance plant growth and health, and affect the production of polyphenols and carotenoids, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The production of health-promoting phytochemicals was shown to be differentially modulated by different AMF isolates and bacterial strains, in several food plants, i.e., tomato, lettuce, strawberry, artichoke, maize, grapevine, sunflower. Here, we provide an overview of recent studies concerning the multiple roles played by AMF and associated bacteria in the modulation of the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites with health-promoting activity, and discuss the development of designed multifunctional consortia to be used in sustainable agriculture.

中文翻译：

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植物产品的健康促进特性：菌根真菌和相关细菌的作用

传统上基于营养和感官特性的食品质量概念最近获得了另一种含义，指的是植物产品的健康促进特性，这归因于被称为植物化学物质的植物次生代谢产物，主要以多酚化合物和芥子油苷为代表。植物产品中植物化学物质的多样性和含量受不同变量的影响，例如植物基因型，农艺因子和丛枝菌根真菌（AMF），它们与大多数农作物建立了菌根共生关系，包括谷物，豆类，蔬菜，果树，向日葵，棉花和甘蔗。AMF和相关细菌可促进植物生长和健康，并影响多酚和类胡萝卜素的产生以及抗氧化酶的活性。在几种食用植物中，即番茄，莴苣，草莓，朝鲜蓟，玉米，葡萄，葵花籽中，显示出促进健康的植物化学物质的生产受到不同AMF分离物和细菌菌株的差异调节。在这里，我们提供了有关AMF和相关细菌在具有促进健康活性的植物次生代谢产物生物合成调节中所起的多重作用的最新研究综述，并讨论了设计用于可持续农业的多功能协会的发展。