Abstract

Biodiesel, the fuel of future, synthesis from waste cooking oil (WCO) following esterification and transesterification processes in the presence of a base catalyst KOH, and iron-impregnated activated carbon materials (FeACs) is reported. Various characterizations techniques such as SEM, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, XPS, TPR-H₂, TPD-CO₂ and TPD-NH₃ were used to thoroughly characterize the morphology, surface characters and catalytic potential of the FeACs which were accountable for the catalytic conversion of WCO into biodiesel. The catalytic potential of FeACs was described by the conversion of WCO into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) in a laboratory scale set up. Among all the FeACs prepared, catalyst E having equimolar ratios (1:1) of KMnO₄ to FeSO₄·7H₂O showed the highest FAME yield, up to 78% under mild reaction conditions. The FAME characterizations and confirmation were examined via FTIR and GC-FID analyses. Moreover, the spent catalyst (E) was found reusable with a consistent FAME yield up to 78% in the first three cycles.

摘要

生物柴油，未来的燃料，在碱催化剂 KOH 和铁浸渍活性炭材料 (FeACs) 存在下酯化和酯交换过程后从废弃食用油 (WCO) 合成。各种表征技术，如 SEM、TEM、HRTEM、SAED、XPS、TPR-H ₂、TPD-CO ₂和 TPD-NH ₃被用来彻底表征 FeACs 的形态、表面特征和催化潜力WCO催化转化为生物柴油。通过在实验室规模设置中将 WCO 转化为脂肪酸甲酯 (FAME) 来描述 FeAC 的催化潜力。在所有制备的 FeACs 中，催化剂 E 具有等摩尔比 (1:1) 的 KMnO ₄对FeSO ₄ ·7H ₂ O的FAME产率最高，在温和的反应条件下可达78%。通过 FTIR 和 GC-FID 分析检查 FAME 表征和确认。此外，发现废催化剂 (E) 可重复使用，在前三个循环中具有高达 78% 的一致 FAME 产率。