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Negative Clinical Evolution in COVID-19 Patients Is Frequently Accompanied With an Increased Proportion of Undifferentiated Th Cells and a Strong Underrepresentation of the Th1 Subset
Frontiers in Immunology ( IF 7.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 , DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.596553
Juan Francisco Gutiérrez-Bautista , Antonio Rodriguez-Nicolas , Antonio Rosales-Castillo , Pilar Jiménez , Federico Garrido , Per Anderson , Francisco Ruiz-Cabello , Miguel Ángel López-Ruz

The severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been related to uncontrolled inflammatory innate responses and impaired adaptive immune responses mostly due to exhausted T lymphocytes and lymphopenia. In this work we have characterized the nature of the lymphopenia and demonstrate a set of factors that hinder the effective control of virus infection and the activation and arming of effector cytotoxic T CD8 cells and showing signatures defining a high-risk population. We performed immune profiling of the T helper (Th) CD4+ and T CD8+ cell compartments in peripheral blood of 144 COVID-19 patients using multiparametric flow cytometry analysis. On the one hand, there was a consistent lymphopenia with an overrepresentation of non-functional T cells, with an increased percentage of naive Th cells (CD45RA+, CXCR3-, CCR4-, CCR6-, CCR10-) and persistently low frequency of markers associated with Th1, Th17, and Th1/Th17 memory-effector T cells compared to healthy donors. On the other hand, the most profound alteration affected the Th1 subset, which may explain the poor T cells responses and the persistent blood virus load. Finally, the decrease in Th1 cells may also explain the low frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that express the HLA-DR and CD38 activation markers observed in numerous patients who showed minimal or no lymphocyte activation response. We also identified the percentage of HLA-DR+CD4+ T cells, PD-1+CD+4/CD8+ T cells in blood, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as useful factors for predicting critical illness and fatal outcome in patients with confirmed COVID-19.



中文翻译:

在COVID-19患者中,临床阴性反应常常伴随着未分化Th细胞比例的增加和Th1亚型的严重不足

SARS-CoV-2感染的严重程度与无法控制的炎性先天反应和适应性免疫反应受损有关,这主要是由于T淋巴细胞耗尽和淋巴细胞减少所致。在这项工作中,我们表征了淋巴细胞减少症的性质,并证明了一系列因素,这些因素阻碍病毒感染的有效控制以及效应细胞毒性T CD8细胞的激活和装备,并显示出定义高危人群的特征。我们使用多参数流式细胞术分析了144例COVID-19患者外周血中T辅助(Th)CD4 +和T CD8 +细胞区室的免疫分布。一方面,存在一致的淋巴细胞减少症,其中非功能性T细胞过多,幼稚Th细胞(CD45RA +,CXCR3-,CCR4-,CCR6-,CCR10-)和与Th1,Th17和Th1 / Th17记忆效应T细胞相关的标记物的持续频率低于健康供体。另一方面,最深刻的变化影响了Th1亚型,这可能解释了T细胞反应差和持续的病毒载量。最后,Th1细胞的减少也可以解释表达HLA-DR和CD38激活标志物的CD4 +和CD8 + T细胞的频率低,这在许多显示极少或没有淋巴细胞激活反应的患者中观察到。我们还确定了血液中HLA-DR + CD4 + T细胞,PD-1 + CD + 4 / CD8 + T细胞的百分比以及嗜中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率是预测COVID-确诊患者危重病情和致命结果的有用因素19 和Th1 / Th17记忆效应T细胞与健康供体相比。另一方面,最深刻的变化影响了Th1亚型,这可能解释了T细胞反应差和持续的病毒载量。最后,Th1细胞的减少也可以解释表达HLA-DR和CD38激活标志物的CD4 +和CD8 + T细胞的频率低,这在许多显示极少或没有淋巴细胞激活反应的患者中观察到。我们还确定了血液中HLA-DR + CD4 + T细胞,PD-1 + CD + 4 / CD8 + T细胞的百分比以及嗜中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率是预测COVID-确诊患者危重病情和致命结果的有用因素19 和Th1 / Th17记忆效应T细胞与健康供体相比。另一方面,最深刻的变化影响了Th1亚型,这可能解释了T细胞反应差和持续的病毒载量。最后,Th1细胞的减少也可以解释表达HLA-DR和CD38激活标志物的CD4 +和CD8 + T细胞的频率低,这在许多显示极少或没有淋巴细胞激活反应的患者中观察到。我们还确定了血液中HLA-DR + CD4 + T细胞,PD-1 + CD + 4 / CD8 + T细胞的百分比以及嗜中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率是预测COVID-确诊患者危重病情和致命结果的有用因素19 最后,Th1细胞的减少也可以解释表达HLA-DR和CD38激活标志物的CD4 +和CD8 + T细胞的频率低,这在许多显示极少或没有淋巴细胞激活反应的患者中观察到。我们还确定了血液中HLA-DR + CD4 + T细胞,PD-1 + CD + 4 / CD8 + T细胞的百分比以及嗜中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率是预测COVID-确诊患者危重病情和致命结果的有用因素19 最后,Th1细胞的减少也可以解释表达HLA-DR和CD38激活标志物的CD4 +和CD8 + T细胞的频率低,这在许多显示极少或没有淋巴细胞激活反应的患者中观察到。我们还确定了血液中HLA-DR + CD4 + T细胞,PD-1 + CD + 4 / CD8 + T细胞的百分比以及嗜中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率是预测COVID-确诊患者危重病情和致命结果的有用因素19

更新日期:2020-11-27
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