By interacting with radiation, clouds modulate the flow of energy through the Earth system, the circulation of the atmosphere, and regional climate. We review the impact of cloud‐radiation interactions for the atmospheric circulation in the present‐day climate, its internal variability and its response to climate change. After summarizing cloud‐controlling factors and cloud‐radiative effects, we clarify the scope and limits of the Clouds On‐Off Klimate Model Intercomparison Experiment (COOKIE) and cloud‐locking modeling methods. COOKIE showed that the presence of cloud‐radiative effects shapes the circulation in the present‐day climate in many important ways, including the width of the tropical rain belts and the position of the extratropical storm tracks. Cloud locking, in contrast, identified how clouds affect internal variability and the circulation response to global warming. This includes strong, but model‐dependent, shortwave and longwave cloud impacts on the El‐Nino Southern Oscillation, and the finding that most of the poleward circulation expansion in response to global warming can be attributed to radiative changes in clouds. We highlight the circulation impact of shortwave changes from low‐level clouds and longwave changes from rising high‐level clouds, and the contribution of these cloud changes to model differences in the circulation response to global warming. The review in particular draws attention to the role of cloud‐radiative heating within the atmosphere. We close by raising some open questions which, among others, concern the need for studying the cloud impact on regional scales and opportunities created by the next generation of global storm‐resolving models.

中文翻译：

---

当前气候和气候变化下的云，辐射和大气环流

通过与辐射相互作用，云调节了通过地球系统的能量流，大气环流和区域气候。我们回顾了云辐射相互作用对当今气候中大气环流的影响，其内部变率及其对气候变化的响应。在总结了云控制因素和云辐射效应之后，我们阐明了云开-关气候模式比对实验（COOKIE）和云锁定建模方法的范围和局限性。COOKIE表明，云辐射效应的存在以许多重要方式影响着当今气候的循环，包括热带雨带的宽度和温带风暴路径的位置。相比之下，云锁定 确定了云如何影响内部变率以及对全球变暖的循环响应。这包括对厄尔尼诺南方涛动的强烈但与模型有关的短波和长波云影响，以及发现响应全球变暖的大部分极向环流膨胀可归因于云的辐射变化。我们强调了低层云的短波变化和高层云上升的长波变化对环流的影响，这些云变化对模拟全球变暖环流响应的贡献。审查特别提请注意大气中云辐射加热的作用。最后，我们提出一些未解决的问题，其中包括：