The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently creating a global health emergency. This crisis is driving a worldwide effort to develop effective vaccines, prophylactics, and therapeutics. Nucleic acid (NA)-based treatments hold great potential to combat outbreaks of coronaviruses (CoVs) due to their rapid development, high target specificity, and the capacity to increase druggability. Here, we review key anti-CoV NA-based technologies, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), siRNAs, RNA-targeting clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas), and mRNA vaccines, and discuss improved delivery methods and combination therapies with other antiviral drugs.

由严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 引起的 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行目前正在造成全球卫生紧急情况。这场危机正在推动全世界努力开发有效的疫苗、预防药物和治疗药物。基于核酸 (NA) 的治疗方法由于其快速发展、高靶标特异性和提高成药性的能力，在对抗冠状病毒 (CoV) 爆发方面具有巨大潜力。在这里，我们回顾了基于 NA 的关键抗冠状病毒技术，包括反义寡核苷酸 (ASO)、siRNA、靶向 RNA 的成簇规则间隔短回文重复序列-CRISPR 相关蛋白 (CRISPR-Cas) 和 mRNA 疫苗，并讨论改进的递送方法和与其他抗病毒药物的联合治疗。