In recent years, small molecules-based bioluminescence (BL) and chemiluminescence (CL) probes, which do not require excitation light source so as to enhance the sensitivity and avoid autofluorescence and background interference, have emerged as powerful tools for biomarkers imaging. Despite intriguing properties and fast development, it is surprising that the small molecule-based BL and CL probes for reactive species, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reactive sulfur species (RSS) and reactive carbonyl species (RCS) has not been reviewed in the past decade. In this review, we cover the advances of synthetic luciferins, 1,2-dioxetanes and their derivatives as well as other small molecule-based BL and CL probes for imaging various reactive species during the latest 5 years (from 2015 to 2020). Finally, the critical challenges and future prospects are also addressed in this field.

近年来，基于小分子的生物发光（BL）和化学发光（CL）探针已成为生物标记物成像的强大工具，这些探针不需要激发光源即可增强灵敏度并避免自发荧光和背景干扰。尽管性能吸引人且发展迅速，但令人惊讶的是，基于小分子的BL和CL探针可用于反应性物种，包括反应性氧物种（ROS），反应性氮物种（RNS），反应性硫物种（RSS）和反应性羰基物种（ RCS）在过去十年中没有得到审查。在这篇综述中，我们涵盖了合成荧光素，1,2-二氧杂环丁烷及其衍生物以及其他基于小分子的BL和CL探针的最新进展，这些探针在最近的5年中（从2015年到2020年）成像。最后，