The re-establishment of trees after previous forest harvesting (so-called second rotation) requires soil structure amelioration, since the tree harvest with heavy machinery usually causes soil compaction and deformation, mostly at the surface, but also in deeper layers. Efficient soil tillage methods are necessary to create a physical environment suitable for the next generation of trees to grow and develop successfully. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four different soil tillage methods on soil physical properties and the initial growth of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus saligna) after eucalyptus on a gravelly Ultisol in southern Brazil with a compacted layer in 0.3 m depth. Tree seedlings were planted in randomized blocks in three replications after applying the following soil tillage methods: intermittent (every 4 m) downslope subsoiling (DSS), cross-slope subsoiling after above-ground stump cutting (C + CSS), cross-slope subsoiling plus ridging after above-ground stump cutting (C + CSS + R), and hole drilling (HD). Before as well as 122 and 391 days after planting, undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were collected in each tillage treatment in five layers down to 1.00 m to evaluate soil bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, plant-available water content, and penetration resistance, along with chemical analyses. Operational costs and, where applicable, product costs of each method were compared, while the initial growth of E. saligna was evaluated by means of tree survival rate and height, diameter at breast height and wood volume 90, 180 and 330 days after planting. The tillage method did not affect soil chemical properties, but positively influenced physical properties by means of lower bulk density and penetration resistance. The most intensive and expensive method C + CSS + R provided the best conditions for tree growth, while HD was the cheapest method, but the least efficient due to low productivity. Per volume of produced wood, DSS was the most efficient method with lowest total costs and the second highest wood production.

在先前的森林采伐后重建树木（所谓的第二轮）需要土壤结构的改善，因为使用重型机械采伐树木通常会导致土壤压实和变形，主要是在表层，但在深层也是如此。有效的土壤耕作方法对于创造适合下一代树木成功生长和发展的物理环境是必不可少的。本研究的目的是评估四种耕作方法对桉树（Eucalyptus saligna）土壤物理性质和初始生长的影响。）在巴西南部砾石Ultisol上的桉树上，紧实层深度为0.3 m。采用以下土壤耕作方法后，将树苗分三批随机种植：间歇性（每4 m）下坡深层深层耕作（DSS），地上树桩切割后的跨坡深层耕作（C + CSS），跨坡深层耕作加上在地上树桩切割（C + CSS + R）和钻孔（HD）之后进行的打孔。在种植前以及种植后122天和391天，在每次耕作过程中，在不超过1.00 m的五层中收集未受干扰和受干扰的土壤样品，以评估土壤容重，大孔隙度，微孔隙度，植物可利用的水分含量和抗穿透性与化学分析。比较了每种方法的运营成本和（如适用）产品成本，种植后90天，180天和330天，通过树木成活率和高度，胸高的直径和木材体积来评估扁线虫。耕作方法不会影响土壤化学性质，但会通过降低堆积密度和抗穿透性而对物理性质产生积极影响。最密集，最昂贵的方法C + CSS + R为树木生长提供了最佳条件，而HD是最便宜的方法，但由于生产率低而效率最低。对于生产的木材每体积，DSS是最有效的方法，总成本最低，木材产量第二高。