Ethereum is a public, permissionless blockchain, with Ether as cryptocurrency, and with Turing-complete smart contracts to implement arbitrarily complex distributed applications. Correct operation of Ethereum relies on appropriately rewarding participating nodes (called miners) for the resources used to run the blockchain. In Ethereum the Used Gas determines the reward miners receive for executing a smart contract. If the Used Gas is proportional to the cost of executing a smart contract, irrespective of the platform used, then all miners are incentivized identically. In this paper we propose OpBench, a platform-independent benchmark framework for Ethereum, as a lightweight approach to determine if for operational code (opcodes) the rewarded Used Gas is proportional to the invested CPU time. We implement OpBench for PyEthApp (in Python), Go-Ethereum (in GoLang) and Parity (in Rust). From the experiments we conclude that Used Gas is not always proportional to the required CPU, with up to an order of magnitude difference between opcodes. We also conclude that for most opcodes Parity performs the best of the three clients and that preference for Linux or Windows depends on the chosen Ethereum client software.

以太坊是一个公共的，未经许可的区块链，以太坊作为加密货币，并具有图灵完备的智能合约来实现任意复杂的分布式应用程序。以太坊的正确操作依赖于适当奖励参与节点（称为矿工）来运行区块链的资源。在以太坊中，废气确定了矿工因执行智能合约而获得的奖励。如果废气与执行智能合约的成本成比例，而与所使用的平台无关，那么将对所有矿工进行相同的激励。在本文中，我们提出了以太坊（Ethereum）独立于平台的基准框架OpBench，作为一种轻量级的方法来确定对于操作代码（opcodes）奖励的废气是否与所投入的CPU时间成比例。我们为PyEthApp实现了OpBench（在Python中），Go-Ethereum（在GoLang中）和Parity（在Rust中）。从实验中我们可以得出结论，废气并不总是与所需的CPU成正比，操作码之间的差异高达一个数量级。我们还得出结论，对于大多数操作码，奇偶校验在三个客户端中表现最佳，而对Linux或Windows的偏好取决于所选择的以太坊客户端软件。