Abstract Lactose intolerance can be the result of, or aggravated by, deficiency of β-galactosidase in the gastrointestinal tract, and is characterised by, e.g., diarrhoea, abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, and nausea. This review examines the response to lactose-free milk and dairy products and health-related outcomes and consolidates a total of 23 studies on ≥ 90% hydrolysed dairy products (n = 10), lactose-free dairy products and whole dairy products (n = 10), lactose hydrolysed, lactose-free and whole dairy products (n = 2), and mildly hydrolysed and lactose-free milk (n = 1). Fourteen reported consumption of low-lactose or lactose-free milk, and four reported fewer symptoms of gastrointestinal distress compared with controls. Two studies reported greater symptoms with higher volume of milk consumed. Results were not consistent across studies. However, lactose-free or low-lactose dairy products form an important part of the diet for lactose intolerant individuals, providing important nutrients that reduce risk of deficiencies.

中文翻译：

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无乳糖和低乳糖乳制品对胃肠道健康症状的影响：系统评价

摘要 乳糖不耐受可能是胃肠道中β-半乳糖苷酶缺乏的结果或加重，其特征是例如腹泻、腹痛、腹胀、胀气和恶心。本综述检查了对无乳糖牛奶和乳制品的反应以及健康相关结果，并整合了 23 项关于 ≥ 90% 水解乳制品（n = 10）、无乳糖乳制品和全乳制品（n = 10)、水解乳糖、无乳糖和全乳制品（n = 2），以及轻度水解和无乳糖牛奶（n = 1）。与对照组相比，14 人报告食用低乳糖或无乳糖牛奶，4 人报告胃肠道不适症状较少。两项研究报告称，摄入的牛奶量越大，症状就越严重。研究结果不一致。然而，无乳糖或低乳糖乳制品是乳糖不耐症患者饮食的重要组成部分，可提供重要的营养物质，降低缺乏乳糖的风险。