The efficient conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in ionic liquids with MoCl₃ as catalyst under microwave irradiation was demonstrated. Based on 5-HMF yield, the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) was the best solvent. The results showed that compared to conventional oil-bath heating, microwave irradiation not only reduced the required reaction time from hours to minutes, but also improved the 5-HMF yield. Using 10 mol% of the catalyst, the 5-HMF yield reached 20.61 % at 120 °C after 2.5 h with the oil-bath. However, a 5-HMF yield of 27.66 % could be achieved within 5 min when employing 300 W microwave irradiation. Analyses by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) demonstrated that the coordinate bond interaction between MoCl₃/[BMIM]Cl complex and glucose promoted the isomerism of glucose and the dehydration of fructose. Microwave irradiation was also shown to accelerate the bond breaking processes in the reaction.

使用MoCl ₃在离子液体中将葡萄糖有效转化为5-羟甲基糠醛（5-HMF）证明了在微波辐射下作为催化剂。基于5-HMF收率，离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯化物（[BMIM] Cl）是最好的溶剂。结果表明，与常规油浴加热相比，微波辐射不仅将所需的反应时间从数小时缩短至数分钟，而且还提高了5-HMF的收率。使用10 mol％的催化剂，在油浴中放置2.5 h后，在120°C下5-HMF的产率达到20.61％。但是，当使用300 W微波辐射时，在5分钟内可以达到27.66％的5-HMF产率。核磁共振波谱（NMR）和高效液相色谱-质谱（HPLC-MS）分析表明，MoCl ₃之间的配位键相互作用/ [BMIM] Cl复合物和葡萄糖促进葡萄糖的异构化和果糖的脱水。还显示了微波辐射可加速反应中的键断裂过程。