Owing to the unique properties and useful applications in numerous fields, nanomaterials (NMs) received a great attention. The mass production of NMs has raised major concern for the environment. Recently, some altered growth patterns in plants have been reported due to the plant-NMs interactions. However, for NMs safe applications in agriculture and medicine, a comprehensive understanding of bio-nano interactions is crucial. The main goal of this review article is to summarize the results of the toxicological studies that have shown the in vitro and in vivo interactions of NMs with plants. The toxicity mechanisms are briefly discussed in plants as the defense mechanism works to overcome the stress caused by NMs implications. Indeed, the impact of NMs on plants varies significantly with many factors including physicochemical properties of NMs, culture media, and plant species. To investigate the impacts, dose metrics is an important analysis for assaying toxicity and is discussed in the present article to broadly open up different aspects of nanotoxicological investigations. To access reliable quantification and measurement in laboratories, standardized methodologies are crucial for precise dose delivery of NMs to plants during exposure. Altogether, the information is significant to researchers to describe restrictions and future perspectives.

由于其独特的性能和在许多领域的有用应用，纳米材料（NMs）受到了极大的关注。NM的大量生产引起了人们对环境的重大关注。最近，由于植物-NMs的相互作用，已经报道了一些植物生长模式的改变。然而，对于NM在农业和医学中的安全应用而言，对生物-纳米相互作用的全面理解至关重要。这篇综述文章的主要目的是总结毒理学研究的结果，这些结果表明了NM与植物的体内外相互作用。在植物中简要讨论了毒性机制，因为防御机制可克服由NMs引起的胁迫。实际上，NMs对植物的影响因许多因素而异，包括NMs的理化特性，培养基和植物种类。为了调查影响，剂量指标是测定毒性的重要分析方法，在本文中进行了讨论，以广泛开拓纳米毒理学研究的各个方面。为了在实验室中获得可靠的定量和测量结果，标准化方法对于在暴露过程中将NMs精确地递送至植物至关重要。总之，这些信息对于研究人员描述限制条件和未来前景非常重要。标准化方法对于在暴露过程中将NM精确剂量输送至植物至关重要。总之，这些信息对于研究人员描述限制条件和未来前景非常重要。标准化方法对于在暴露过程中将NM精确剂量输送至植物至关重要。总之，这些信息对于研究人员描述限制条件和未来前景非常重要。