Abstract In the cotton-production zone of Burkina Faso, poor soil fertility and limited access to appropriate fertilizers call for alternative approaches to sustain productivity, such as the introduction of more legumes into the agroecosystem. Legumes have nearly disappeared from local cropping systems under the pressure of the cotton monocropping model. To develop new legume-based cropping systems using a bottom-up approach, this study was based on local farmers' agroecological innovations. In a first step, called on-farm innovation tracking, five innovative legume-based cropping systems were identified and characterized on farms located in the study area through interviews with “innovative farmers” who had designed and implemented these cropping systems: (i) Sorghum and legume (cowpea, soybean or peanut) intercropping in rotation with maize or cotton; (ii) Soybean as a cash crop in rotation with maize or cotton; (iii) Red cowpea intra-annual succession with a biomass crop; (iv) Mucuna in rotation with maize; and (v) Pigeon pea in rotation with maize. In a second step, these five “innovative cropping systems” (ICSs) were implemented in “participatory prototyping trials” (PPTs) in two communities located in the study area were they were evaluated during field days by local farmers (“field-day farmers”) having no previous experience with ICSs. By comparing evaluations made by innovative farmers with those of field-day farmers, it was shown that (i) locally implemented ICSs adapted to local drivers of change are of great interest to other farmers, and (ii) the study's two-step participatory approach is an original and relevant way to co-design and introduce innovations.

中文翻译：

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结合农场创新跟踪和参与式原型试验，在西非开发基于豆类的种植系统

摘要 在布基纳法索的棉花产区，土壤肥力差和获得适当肥料的机会有限，需要采用替代方法来维持生产力，例如将更多豆类引入农业生态系统。在棉花单一种植模式的压力下，豆类几乎从当地的种植系统中消失了。为了使用自下而上的方法开发新的豆科作物种植系统，本研究基于当地农民的农业生态创新。第一步，称为农场创新跟踪，通过与设计和实施这些种植系统的“创新农民”的访谈，在研究区的农场确定并描述了五种基于豆类的创新种植系统：(i) 高粱和豆类（豇豆，大豆或花生）与玉米或棉花轮作；(ii) 大豆作为与玉米或棉花轮作的经济作物；(iii) 红豇豆与生物质作物的年内演替；(iv) 黧豆与玉米轮作；(v) 豌豆与玉米轮作。第二步，这五个“创新种植系统”（ICS）在位于研究区域的两个社区的“参与式原型试验”（PPTs）中实施，当地农民（“田间农民”）之前没有使用 ICS 的经验。通过比较创新农民和田间农民所做的评估，结果表明：（i）适应当地变革驱动因素的当地实施的 ICS 对其他农民很感兴趣，以及（ii）该研究