In the case of Proteus vulgaris infection, the increased occurrence of multidrug-resistance strains has become a critical challenge in the treatment of urinary tract diseases. Therefore, using plant extracts as eco-friendly antibacterial provides an attractive solution to battle bacterial infection. The current study investigates the antibacterial and antihemolytic activity of nine medicinal plant extracts against P. vulgaris. Citrus limon extract at 150 µg/ml exhibited the highest antimicrobial action against P. vulgaris (the inhibition zone diameter; 22.7 mm). Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are synthesized using the plant extracts of C. limon, Allium sativum, Sonchus bulbosus, Allium cepa, and Asparagus racemosus. The antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs synthesized using C. limon extract at 150 µg/ml is significantly increased (33.8 mm). ZnO NPs synthesized using A. cepa, A. racemosus, and C. limon plant extracts are effectively protective for human red blood cells. The ZnO NPs synthesized using C. limon extract are characterized using UV–Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and TEM. FTIR revealed that the plant extracts may serve as reducing and capping agents of ZnO NPs. XRD spectra confirmed the crystallinity of ZnO NPs. TEM image demonstrated the formation of spherical shapes of ZnO NPs with an average size of 37.05 nm. SEM of P. vulgaris cells treated with ZnO NPs showed cellular morphological damage compared to the untreated cells. ZnO NPs are synthesized by gamma irradiation as a clean and novel method. This study recommended the promising uses of the biosynthesized ZnO NPs using plant extracts as a natural, unique approach, to control the pathogenicity of P. vulgaris.

在普通变形杆菌感染的情况下，多药耐药菌株的增加已成为治疗泌尿系统疾病的关键挑战。因此，使用植物提取物作为环保抗菌剂为对抗细菌感染提供了一种有吸引力的解决方案。目前的研究调查了 9 种药用植物提取物对P. vulgaris的抗菌和抗溶血活性。150 µg/ml 的柑橘柠檬提取物对P. vulgaris表现出最高的抗菌作用（抑菌圈直径；22.7 mm）。氧化锌纳米颗粒 (ZnO NPs) 是使用C. limon、Allium sativum、Sonchus billosus、Allium cepa和Asparagus racemosus的植物提取物合成的。使用浓度为 150 µg/ml 的柠檬提取物合成的 ZnO NPs 的抗菌活性显着增加 (33.8 mm)。使用A. cepa、A. racemosus和C. limon植物提取物合成的 ZnO NPs可有效保护人类红细胞。使用C. limon提取物合成的 ZnO NPs使用紫外-可见光谱、FTIR、XRD 和 TEM 进行表征。FTIR 表明植物提取物可以作为 ZnO NPs 的还原剂和封端剂。XRD 谱证实了 ZnO NPs 的结晶度。TEM 图像表明形成了平均尺寸为 37.05 nm 的球形 ZnO 纳米颗粒。普通假单胞菌扫描电镜与未处理的细胞相比，用 ZnO NPs 处理的细胞显示出细胞形态学损伤。ZnO NPs 是通过伽马辐射合成的，是一种清洁且新颖的方法。这项研究推荐了使用植物提取物的生物合成 ZnO NPs 作为一种天然的、独特的方法来控制P. vulgaris的致病性的有希望的用途。