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Hibernation as a Stage of Ribosome Functioning
Biochemistry (Moscow) ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920110115
K S Usachev 1 , M M Yusupov 1, 2 , Sh Z Validov 1
Affiliation  

In response to stress, eubacteria reduce the level of protein synthesis and either disassemble ribosomes into the 30S and 50S subunits or turn them into translationally inactive 70S and 100S complexes. This helps the cell to solve two principal tasks: (i) to reduce the cost of protein biosynthesis under unfavorable conditions, and (ii) to preserve functional ribosomes for rapid recovery of protein synthesis until favorable conditions are restored. All known genes for ribosome silencing factors and hibernation proteins are located in the operons associated with the response to starvation as one of the stress factors, which helps the cells to coordinate the slowdown of protein synthesis with the overall stress response. It is possible that hibernation systems work as regulators that coordinate the intensity of protein synthesis with the energy state of bacterial cell. Taking into account the limited amount of nutrients in natural conditions and constant pressure of other stress factors, bacterial ribosome should remain most of time in a complex with the silencing/hibernation proteins. Therefore, hibernation is an additional stage between the ribosome recycling and translation initiation, at which the ribosome is maintained in a "preserved" state in the form of separate subunits, non-translating 70S particles, or 100S dimers. The evolution of the ribosome hibernation has occurred within a very long period of time; ribosome hibernation is a conserved mechanism that is essential for maintaining the energy- and resource-consuming process of protein biosynthesis in organisms living in changing environment under stress conditions.

中文翻译:

冬眠作为核糖体功能的一个阶段

为应对压力,真细菌会降低蛋白质合成水平,并将核糖体分解为 30S 和 50S 亚基,或者将它们变成无翻译活性的 70S 和 100S 复合物。这有助于细胞解决两个主要任务:(i) 在不利条件下降低蛋白质生物合成的成本,以及 (ii) 保留功能性核糖体以快速恢复蛋白质合成,直到恢复有利条件。所有已知的核糖体沉默因子和冬眠蛋白基因都位于与作为应激因子之一的饥饿反应相关的操纵子中,这有助于细胞协调蛋白质合成的减慢与整体应激反应。冬眠系统可能充当调节蛋白质合成强度与细菌细胞能量状态的调节器。考虑到自然条件下营养物质的数量有限和其他应激因素的恒定压力,细菌核糖体应在大部分时间与沉默/冬眠蛋白保持在复合体中。因此,冬眠是核糖体循环和翻译起始之间的一个额外阶段,在此阶段,核糖体以单独的亚基、非翻译 70S 粒子或 100S 二聚体的形式保持在“保存”状态。核糖体冬眠的进化发生在很长一段时间内;
更新日期:2020-11-01
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