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Next-Generation Antibiotics, Bacteriophage Endolysins, and Nanomaterials for Combating Pathogens
Biochemistry (Moscow) ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920110085 I G Shemyakin 1 , V V Firstova 1 , N K Fursova 1 , I V Abaev 1 , S Yu Filippovich 2 , S G Ignatov 1 , I A Dyatlov 1
Biochemistry (Moscow) ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920110085 I G Shemyakin 1 , V V Firstova 1 , N K Fursova 1 , I V Abaev 1 , S Yu Filippovich 2 , S G Ignatov 1 , I A Dyatlov 1
Affiliation
This review presents various strategies to fight causative agents of infectious diseases. Species-specific programmable RNA-containing antibiotics open up new possibilities for creating next-generation of personalized drugs based on microbiome editing and can serve as a new tool for selective elimination of pathogenic bacterial species while keeping intact the rest of microbiota. Another promising approach in combating bacterial infections is genome editing using the CRISPR-Cas systems. Expanding knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of innate immunity has been actively used for developing new antimicrobials. However, obvious risks of using antibiotic adjuvants aimed at activation of the host immune system include development of the autoimmune response with subsequent organ damage. To avoid these risks, it is essential to elucidate action mechanisms of the specific ligands and signal molecules used as components of the hybrid antibiotics. Bacteriophage endolysins are also considered as effective antimicrobials against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, metabolically inactive persisters, and microbial biofilms. Despite significant advances in the design of implants with antibacterial properties, the problem of postoperative infections still remains. Different nanomodifications of the implant surface have been designed to reduce bacterial contamination. Here, we review bactericidal, fungicidal, and immunomodulating properties of compounds used for the implant surface nanomodifications, such as silver, boron nitride nanomaterials, nanofibers, and nanogalvanic materials.
中文翻译:
用于对抗病原体的下一代抗生素、噬菌体内溶素和纳米材料
本综述介绍了对抗传染病病原体的各种策略。物种特异性可编程的含有 RNA 的抗生素为基于微生物组编辑创建下一代个性化药物开辟了新的可能性,并且可以作为一种新工具,用于选择性消除致病细菌物种,同时保持其余微生物群的完整性。另一种对抗细菌感染的有前途的方法是使用 CRISPR-Cas 系统进行基因组编辑。对先天免疫分子机制的扩展知识已被积极用于开发新的抗微生物药物。然而,使用旨在激活宿主免疫系统的抗生素佐剂的明显风险包括自身免疫反应的发展以及随后的器官损伤。为了避免这些风险,阐明用作杂合抗生素组分的特定配体和信号分子的作用机制至关重要。噬菌体内溶素也被认为是对抗抗生素耐药细菌、代谢不活跃的持久性细菌和微生物生物膜的有效抗菌剂。尽管在设计具有抗菌特性的植入物方面取得了重大进展,但术后感染的问题仍然存在。植入物表面的不同纳米修饰旨在减少细菌污染。在这里,我们回顾了用于植入物表面纳米改性的化合物的杀菌、杀真菌和免疫调节特性,例如银、氮化硼纳米材料、纳米纤维和纳米电镀材料。
更新日期:2020-11-01
中文翻译:
用于对抗病原体的下一代抗生素、噬菌体内溶素和纳米材料
本综述介绍了对抗传染病病原体的各种策略。物种特异性可编程的含有 RNA 的抗生素为基于微生物组编辑创建下一代个性化药物开辟了新的可能性,并且可以作为一种新工具,用于选择性消除致病细菌物种,同时保持其余微生物群的完整性。另一种对抗细菌感染的有前途的方法是使用 CRISPR-Cas 系统进行基因组编辑。对先天免疫分子机制的扩展知识已被积极用于开发新的抗微生物药物。然而,使用旨在激活宿主免疫系统的抗生素佐剂的明显风险包括自身免疫反应的发展以及随后的器官损伤。为了避免这些风险,阐明用作杂合抗生素组分的特定配体和信号分子的作用机制至关重要。噬菌体内溶素也被认为是对抗抗生素耐药细菌、代谢不活跃的持久性细菌和微生物生物膜的有效抗菌剂。尽管在设计具有抗菌特性的植入物方面取得了重大进展,但术后感染的问题仍然存在。植入物表面的不同纳米修饰旨在减少细菌污染。在这里,我们回顾了用于植入物表面纳米改性的化合物的杀菌、杀真菌和免疫调节特性,例如银、氮化硼纳米材料、纳米纤维和纳米电镀材料。