The existence of the neural control of mast cell functions has long been proposed. Mast cells (MCs) are localized in association with the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the brain, where they are closely aligned, anatomically and functionally, with neurons and neuronal processes throughout the body. They express receptors for and are regulated by various neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and other neuromodulators. Consequently, modulation provided by these neurotransmitters and neuromodulators allows neural control of MC functions and involvement in the pathogenesis of mast cell–related disease states. Recently, the roles of individual neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in regulating mast cell actions have been investigated extensively. This review offers a systematic review of recent advances in our understanding of the contributions of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides to mast cell activation and the pathological implications of this regulation on mast cell–related disease states, though the full extent to which such control influences health and disease is still unclear, and a complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying the control is lacking. Future validation of animal and in vitro models also is needed, which incorporates the integration of microenvironment-specific influences and the complex, multifaceted cross-talk between mast cells and various neural signals. Moreover, new biological agents directed against neurotransmitter receptors on mast cells that can be used for therapeutic intervention need to be more specific, which will reduce their ability to support inflammatory responses and enhance their potential roles in protecting against mast cell–related pathogenesis.

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肥大细胞功能的神经递质和神经肽调节：系统评价

早就提出了肥大细胞功能的神经控制的存在。肥大细胞 (MC) 与周围神经系统 (PNS) 和大脑相关联，在解剖学和功能上，它们与全身的神经元和神经元过程紧密对齐。它们表达各种神经递质、神经肽和其他神经调节剂的受体并受其调节。因此，这些神经递质和神经调节剂提供的调节允许神经控制 MC 功能并参与肥大细胞相关疾病状态的发病机制。最近，已经广泛研究了个体神经递质和神经肽在调节肥大细胞作用中的作用。本综述系统回顾了我们对神经递质和神经肽对肥大细胞活化的贡献的理解以及该调节对肥大细胞相关疾病状态的病理影响的最新进展，尽管这种控制影响健康和疾病的全部程度尚不清楚，并且缺乏对控制机制的完整理解。未来还需要对动物和体外模型进行验证，其中包括微环境特定影响的整合以及肥大细胞和各种神经信号之间复杂的、多方面的串扰。此外，针对可用于治疗干预的肥大细胞神经递质受体的新生物制剂需要更加具体，