The solar wind is a highly turbulent medium exhibiting scalings of the fluctuations ranging over several decades of scales from the correlation length down to proton and electron gyroradii, thus suggesting a self-similar nature for these fluctuations. During its journey, the solar wind encounters the region of space surrounding Earth dominated by the geomagnetic field which is called magnetosphere. The latter is exposed to the continuous buffeting of the solar wind which determines its characteristic comet-like shape. The solar wind and the magnetosphere interact continously, thus constituting a coupled system, since perturbations in the interplanetary medium cause geomagnetic disturbances. However, strong variations in the geomagnetic field occur even in absence of large solar perturbations. In this case, a major role is attributed to solar wind turbulence as a driver of geomagnetic activity especially at high latitudes. In this review, we report about the state-of-art related to this topic. Since the solar wind and the magnetosphere are both high Reynolds number plasmas, both follow a scale-invariant dynamics and are in a state far from equilibrium. Moreover, the geomagnetic response, although closely related to the changes of the interplanetary magnetic field condition, is also strongly affected by the intrinsic dynamics of the magnetosphere generated by geomagnetic field variations caused by the internal conditions.

太阳风是一种高度湍流的介质，在从相关长度到质子和电子回旋半径的几十个尺度上，表现出波动的缩放比例，因此表明这些波动具有自相似的性质。在其旅行过程中，太阳风遇到地球周围由被称为磁层的地磁场控制的空间区域。后者暴露于连续不断的太阳风震荡中，这决定了其典型的彗星状形状。太阳风和磁层连续相互作用，因此构成一个耦合系统，因为行星际介质中的扰动会引起地磁干扰。但是，即使没有大的太阳干扰，地磁场也会发生强烈变化。在这种情况下，特别是在高纬度地区，太阳风的湍流是地磁活动的主要驱动力。在这篇评论中，我们报告了与此主题相关的最新技术。由于太阳风和磁层都是雷诺数高的等离子体，因此两者都遵循尺度不变的动力学并且处于远离平衡的状态。此外，地磁响应尽管与行星际磁场条件的变化密切相关，但也受到内部条件引起的地磁场变化产生的磁层固有动力学的强烈影响。两者都遵循尺度不变的动力学并且处于远离平衡的状态。此外，地磁响应尽管与行星际磁场条件的变化密切相关，但也受到内部条件引起的地磁场变化产生的磁层固有动力学的强烈影响。两者都遵循尺度不变的动力学并且处于远离平衡的状态。此外，地磁响应尽管与行星际磁场条件的变化密切相关，但也受到内部条件引起的地磁场变化产生的磁层固有动力学的强烈影响。