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Evolutionary analysis of chloroplast tRNA of Gymnosperm revealed the novel structural variation and evolutionary aspect
PeerJ ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 , DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10312
Ting-Ting Zhang 1 , Yi-Kun Hou 1 , Ting Yang 1 , Shu-Ya Zhang 1 , Ming Yue 1 , Jianni Liu 2 , Zhonghu Li 1
Affiliation  

Gymnosperms such as ginkgo, conifers, cycads, and gnetophytes are vital components of land ecosystems, and they have significant economic and ecologic value, as well as important roles as forest vegetation. In this study, we investigated the structural variation and evolution of chloroplast transfer RNAs (tRNAs) in gymnosperms. Chloroplasts are important organelles in photosynthetic plants. tRNAs are key participants in translation where they act as adapter molecules between the information level of nucleic acids and functional level of proteins. The basic structures of gymnosperm chloroplast tRNAs were found to have family-specific conserved sequences. The tRNAΨ -loop was observed to contain a conforming sequence, i.e., U-U-C-N-A-N2. In gymnosperms, tRNAIle was found to encode a “CAU” anticodon, which is usually encoded by tRNAMet. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that plastid tRNAs have a common polyphyletic evolutionary pattern, i.e., rooted in abundant common ancestors. Analyses of duplication and loss events in chloroplast tRNAs showed that gymnosperm tRNAs have experienced little more gene loss than gene duplication. Transition and transversion analysis showed that the tRNAs are iso-acceptor specific and they have experienced unequal evolutionary rates. These results provide new insights into the structural variation and evolution of gymnosperm chloroplast tRNAs, which may improve our comprehensive understanding of the biological characteristics of the tRNA family.

中文翻译:

裸子植物叶绿体 tRNA 的进化分析揭示了新的结构变异和进化方面

裸子植物如银杏、针叶树、苏铁和地皮植物是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,具有重要的经济和生态价值,作为森林植被具有重要作用。在这项研究中,我们研究了裸子植物中叶绿体转移 RNA (tRNA) 的结构变异和进化。叶绿体是光合植物中重要的细胞器。tRNA 是翻译的关键参与者,它们充当核酸信息水平和蛋白质功能水平之间的衔接分子。裸子植物叶绿体 tRNA 的基本结构被发现具有家族特定的保守序列。tRNAΨ-环被观察到含有符合的序列,即UUCNA-N2。在裸子植物中,发现 tRNAIle 编码“CAU”反密码子,通常由 tRNAMet 编码。系统发育分析表明,质体 tRNA 具有共同的多系进化模式,即植根于丰富的共同祖先。对叶绿体 tRNA 中的复制和丢失事件的分析表明,裸子植物 tRNA 经历的基因丢失几乎没有基因复制多。转换和颠换分析表明 tRNA 是异受体特异性的,并且它们经历了不平等的进化速率。这些结果为裸子植物叶绿体 tRNA 的结构变异和进化提供了新的见解,这可能会提高我们对 tRNA 家族生物学特性的全面了解。对叶绿体 tRNA 中的复制和丢失事件的分析表明,裸子植物 tRNA 经历的基因丢失几乎没有基因复制多。转换和颠换分析表明 tRNA 是异受体特异性的,并且它们经历了不平等的进化速率。这些结果为裸子植物叶绿体 tRNA 的结构变异和进化提供了新的见解,这可能会提高我们对 tRNA 家族生物学特性的全面了解。对叶绿体 tRNA 中的复制和丢失事件的分析表明,裸子植物 tRNA 经历的基因丢失几乎没有基因复制多。转换和颠换分析表明 tRNA 是异受体特异性的,并且它们经历了不平等的进化速率。这些结果为裸子植物叶绿体 tRNA 的结构变异和进化提供了新的见解,这可能会提高我们对 tRNA 家族生物学特性的全面了解。
更新日期:2020-11-25
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