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The Importance of the Phytoplankton “Middle Class” to Ocean Net Community Production
Global Biogeochemical Cycles ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 , DOI: 10.1029/2020gb006702
Lauren W. Juranek 1 , Angelicque E. White 2, 3 , Mathilde Dugenne 2, 3 , Fernanda Henderikx Freitas 2, 3 , Stephanie Dutkiewicz 4 , Francois Ribalet 5 , Sara Ferrón 2, 3 , E. Virginia Armbrust 5 , David M. Karl 2, 3
Affiliation  

The net balance between photosynthesis and respiration in the surface ocean is a key regulator of ocean‐atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO2) partitioning, and by extension, Earth's climate. The slight excess of photosynthesis over community respiration in sunlit waters, known as net community production (NCP), sets the upper bound on the sequestration of carbon via biologically mediated export. Prevailing paradigms suggest a high/low binary where net primary production (NPP), NCP, and export are highest in ecosystems characterized by microplankton (>20 μm) and lowest in ecosystems dominated by picoplankton (<2 μm). This bifurcation model neglects the potential importance of nanoplankton (2–20 μm)—i.e., the “middle” size class—toward global biological pump functioning. Here, we show a relationship between the biomass of nanoplankton and oxygen‐based estimates of NCP across natural ecological gradients in the North Pacific Ocean. Using a suite of high‐resolution optical imaging approaches including SeaFlow, Imaging FlowCytobot, and laser‐based scattering, nanoplankton dynamics are observed to dominate the particle size distribution throughout an ~1,000 km transition between the subtropical and subpolar North Pacific, where NCP rates are threefold to fivefold higher than subtropical values. Based on ecological theory applied to the Darwin size‐based ecosystem model, we hypothesize that intermediate size class organisms are capable of high rates of production via an optimization of bottom‐up and top‐down control inherent to the “middle class.” More broadly, the model indicates the global importance of nanoplankton for ocean biological production.

中文翻译:

浮游植物“中产阶级”对海洋网状群落生产的重要性

表层海洋中光合作用和呼吸作用之间的净平衡是海洋-大气二氧化碳(CO 2)划分并扩展地球的气候。在阳光充足的水域中,光合作用略高于社区呼吸,这称为净社区生产(NCP),为通过生物介导的出口固存碳设定了上限。普遍的范例表明,在以微浮游生物为特征的生态系统中,净初级生产(NPP),NCP和出口最高(> 20μm),而在以微浮游生物为主的生态系统中,其净初级生产(NPP)和出口最低(<2μm)。该分叉模型忽略了纳米浮游生物(2–20μm)(即“中等”尺寸类别)对全球生物泵功能的潜在重要性。在这里,我们显示了北太平洋跨自然生态梯度的纳米浮游生物量与基于氧的NCP估算值之间的关系。使用一套高分辨率光学成像方法(包括SeaFlow,FlowCytobot成像和基于激光的散射),在亚热带和亚极北太平洋之间约1000 km的过渡带(NCP速率为比亚热带值高三到五倍。基于应用于达尔文基于大小的生态系统模型的生态理论,我们假设中等大小类别的生物能够通过优化“中产阶级”固有的自下而上和自上而下的控制来实现高生产率。更广泛地说,该模型表明了纳米浮游生物对海洋生物生产的全球重要性。在亚热带和亚极北太平洋之间约1000 km的过渡过程中,观察到纳米浮游生物占主导地位的粒径分布,在该区域,NCP速率比亚热带值高三到五倍。基于应用于达尔文基于大小的生态系统模型的生态理论,我们假设中等大小类别的生物能够通过优化“中产阶级”固有的自下而上和自上而下的控制来实现高生产率。更广泛地说,该模型表明了纳米浮游生物对海洋生物生产的全球重要性。在亚热带和亚极北太平洋之间约1,000 km的过渡过程中,观察到了纳米浮游生物占主导地位的粒径分布,那里的NCP速率比亚热带值高三到五倍。基于应用于达尔文基于大小的生态系统模型的生态理论,我们假设中等大小类别的生物能够通过优化“中产阶级”固有的自下而上和自上而下的控制来实现高生产率。更广泛地说,该模型表明了纳米浮游生物对海洋生物生产的全球重要性。基于应用于达尔文基于大小的生态系统模型的生态理论,我们假设中等大小类别的生物能够通过优化“中产阶级”固有的自下而上和自上而下的控制来实现高生产率。更广泛地说,该模型表明了纳米浮游生物对海洋生物生产的全球重要性。基于应用于达尔文基于大小的生态系统模型的生态理论,我们假设中等大小类别的生物能够通过优化“中产阶级”固有的自下而上和自上而下的控制来实现高生产率。更广泛地说,该模型表明了纳米浮游生物对海洋生物生产的全球重要性。
更新日期:2020-12-12
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