Biomass burning, including fires, has been identified as the largest source of primary fine carbonaceous particles in the troposphere and one of the major drivers of global carbon (C) cycle, cloud properties, and climate. Most of the global C emissions happen in the Pantropic region. Modeling estimates suggest an increase in Mexican fire frequencies, intensity, and C emission to the atmosphere. However, no study has combined field and satellite data to estimate C emissions by fires for any tropical country. Here, we present an approach to estimate the spatiotemporal variability of fires and its total C emissions in Mexico with the associated climate that combines national fire inventories with remote sensing. We provide evidence that tropical ecosystems, particularly tropical forests at Yucatan Peninsula, Pacific Coast, and Gulf of Mexico, provide the largest C emissions with high fire densities. We found evidence to contrast the relationships of the interannual and intra‐annual variability of C emissions with immediate and lagged climate effects such as El Niño and La Niña events. Data also indicate that C emissions from fires are up to 11 times higher than those from deforestation and account 19% of the total National CO₂ emissions and 5% of the total Pantropical C emissions. Because fires are related to climate change, we encourage future studies to focus on climate fire feedbacks for implementing adequate climate mitigation strategies.

中文翻译：

---

火灾是墨西哥碳排放的重要来源

生物质燃烧，包括大火，已被确定为对流层中主要的细碳质颗粒的最大来源，并且是全球碳（C）循环，云特性和气候的主要驱动力之一。全球大多数碳排放量都发生在Pantropic地区。模型估计表明墨西哥火的发生频率，强度和向大气中的C排放增加。但是，没有研究结合野外和卫星数据来估计任何热带国家因大火引起的碳排放。在这里，我们提出了一种方法来估算墨西哥的火灾及其总碳排放的时空变异性以及将国家火灾清单与遥感结合起来的相关气候。我们提供的证据表明，热带生态系统，尤其是尤卡坦半岛的热带森林，太平洋海岸和墨西哥湾具有高火密度，提供最大的碳排放量。我们发现了证据，对比了碳排放的年际和年内变化与直接和滞后的气候影响（如厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件）之间的关系。数据还表明，火灾造成的碳排放量比森林砍伐产生的碳排放量高​​11倍，占全国二氧化碳排放总量的19％_2种排放，占泛热带C排放总量的5％。由于火灾与气候变化有关，因此我们鼓励未来的研究将重点放在气候火灾反馈上，以实施适当的气候缓解策略。