Abstract Offshore wind turbines in the vicinity of ship traffic are exposed to increased risks of ship collisions. To better understand the impact mechanism, this paper evaluates the dynamic responses of a monopile-supported wind turbine under ship impacts, using both numerical and analytical methods. The nonlinear finite element method is applied during the numerical simulations, and the wind load effects, soil conditions, and rigid and deformable ship bows are considered. The analytical approach, originally developed based on the energy method, is extended here to address the damping effects of monopile-supported wind turbines. In the case study, the impacts are studied between a 4600-ton vessel and a 5-megawatt offshore wind turbine. The effects are presented of the aerodynamic damping, ship impact velocity, mean wind speed, wind direction, and ship bow stiffness on the collision responses. A comparison between the numerical and analytical results shows a generally good agreement for the maximum contact force. Under an impact velocity of 1 m/s and 3 m/s, the discrepancy between the two methods is 5% and 7%, respectively. The developed engineering approaches can be used to address accidental collision problems between ships and bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines.

中文翻译：

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船舶撞击下单桩支撑海上风力发电机组数值分析

摘要 船舶交通附近的海上风力涡轮机面临更大的船舶碰撞风险。为了更好地理解撞击机制，本文使用数值和分析方法评估了船舶撞击下单桩支撑风力涡轮机的动态响应。数值模拟采用非线性有限元方法，考虑了风荷载效应、土壤条件以及船艏刚性和变形等因素。最初基于能量方法开发的分析方法在这里扩展以解决单桩支撑风力涡轮机的阻尼效应。在案例研究中，研究了 4600 吨船舶和 5 兆瓦海上风力涡轮机之间的影响。空气动力学阻尼、船舶撞击速度、平均风速、风向、和船首刚度对碰撞响应的影响。数值和分析结果之间的比较表明，最大接触力总体上具有良好的一致性。在 1 m/s 和 3 m/s 的冲击速度下，两种方法之间的差异分别为 5% 和 7%。开发的工程方法可用于解决船舶与底部固定式海上风力涡轮机之间的意外碰撞问题。