Abstract Net houses can be used in tropical environments to protect crops such as cowpea against large insect pests, thereby avoiding pesticide treatments while sustainably mitigating the effects of climate change. We investigated a push-pull strategy to prevent small insect pest outbreaks in a net house. The push component consisted of two stimulus plants, i.e. Cymbopogon citratus and Tagetes minuta, and the pull stimuli consisted of visual cues from blue and yellow sticky traps. Field experiments were set up in central Kenya and conducted during a rainy and a dry season, involving an open field control treatment, and three management treatments consisting of (1) an open field push-pull treatment, (2) a net house treatment and (3) a combined net house + push-pull treatment. Trialeurodes vaporariorum infestations were lower in the net house and net house + push-pull treatments than in the two open field treatments during the dry period or in the control treatment during the rainy period. Aphis craccivora infestations were higher in the net house and net house + push-pull treatments than in the control and open field push-pull treatments during the dry period, while no differences were observed among treatments during the rainy period. Megalurothrips sjostedti infestations did not vary among treatments in both periods. Among the larger insect pests, Clavigralla tomentosicollis infestations were lower in the net house and net house + push-pull treatments than in the open field treatments during the dry period, while Maruca vitrata infestations were lower in the net house treatment than in the control. During the rainy period, C. tomentosicollis infestations were higher in the net house + push-pull treatment than in the net house treatment, whereas M. vitrata infestations did not vary among treatments. Compared to the control, Empoasca sp. infestations were lower in the net house and net house + push-pull treatments in both periods, and in the open field push-pull treatment in the rainy period. Cowpea pod and grain yield and quality were higher in the net house and net house + push-pull treatments than in the control irrespective of the period. Although the treatments 1 reduced some of the pests, the net house and net house + push-pull treatments were effective in protecting cowpeas against most of the pests while improving pod yields in both periods.

中文翻译：

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推拉策略结合网舍防治豇豆病虫害提高作物产量

摘要 网屋可在热带环境中使用，以保护豇豆等作物免受大型害虫的侵害，从而避免使用农药，同时可持续地减轻气候变化的影响。我们研究了一种推拉策略，以防止网屋中的小型害虫爆发。推动成分由两种刺激植物组成，即 Cymbopogon citratus 和万寿菊，而拉动成分由来自蓝色和黄色粘性陷阱的视觉线索组成。田间试验设在肯尼亚中部，在雨季和旱季进行，包括露地控制处理和三种管理处理，包括（1）露地推拉处理，（2）网舍处理和(3)组合网屋+推拉治疗。网舍和网舍+推拉处理在干旱期和雨期的两个露地处理中比在两个露地处理中的白粉虱侵染率低。旱期网舍和网舍+推拉处理的蚜虫侵染率高于对照和露地推拉处理，而雨季各处理间无差异。Megalurothrips sjostedti 侵染在两个时期的处理之间没有变化。在较大的害虫中，旱期网舍和网舍+推拉处理的Clavigralla tomentosicollis侵染量低于露地处理，而网舍处理的Maruca vitrata侵染量低于对照。在雨季，网舍+推拉处理中的绒毛球虫侵染率高于网舍处理，而不同处理间的白毛茛侵染率没有差异。与对照相比，Empoasca sp。两个时期网舍和网舍+推拉处理的侵染率较低，雨季露地推拉处理的侵染率较低。豇豆豆荚和籽粒产量和品质在网舍和网舍+推拉处理中均高于对照，无论在哪个时期。虽然处理1减少了部分害虫，但网屋和网屋+推拉处理在两个时期均能有效保护豇豆免受大部分害虫的侵害，同时提高豆荚产量。网屋 + 推拉处理中的绒毛毛虫感染率高于网屋处理，而 M. vitrata 感染在处理之间没有变化。与对照相比，Empoasca sp。两个时期网舍和网舍+推拉处理的侵染率较低，雨季露地推拉处理的侵染率较低。豇豆豆荚和籽粒产量和品质在网舍和网舍+推拉处理中均高于对照，无论在哪个时期。虽然处理1减少了部分害虫，但网屋和网屋+推拉处理在两个时期均能有效保护豇豆免受大部分害虫的侵害，同时提高豆荚产量。网屋 + 推拉处理中的绒毛毛虫感染率高于网屋处理，而 M. vitrata 感染在处理之间没有变化。与对照相比，Empoasca sp。两个时期网舍和网舍+推拉处理的侵染率较低，雨季露地推拉处理的侵染率较低。豇豆豆荚和籽粒产量和品质在网舍和网舍+推拉处理中均高于对照，无论在哪个时期。虽然处理1减少了部分害虫，但网屋和网屋+推拉处理在两个时期均能有效保护豇豆免受大部分害虫的侵害，同时提高豆荚产量。Empoasca sp. 两个时期网舍和网舍+推拉处理的侵染率较低，雨季露地推拉处理的侵染率较低。豇豆豆荚和籽粒产量和品质在网舍和网舍+推拉处理中均高于对照，无论在哪个时期。虽然处理1减少了部分害虫，但网屋和网屋+推拉处理在两个时期均能有效保护豇豆免受大部分害虫的侵害，同时提高豆荚产量。Empoasca sp. 两个时期网舍和网舍+推拉处理的侵染率较低，雨季露地推拉处理的侵染率较低。豇豆豆荚和籽粒产量和品质在网舍和网舍+推拉处理中均高于对照，无论在哪个时期。虽然处理1减少了部分害虫，但网屋和网屋+推拉处理在两个时期均能有效保护豇豆免受大部分害虫的侵害，同时提高豆荚产量。