This study aimed to investigate whether personality traits and their facets are associated with a multi-methods assessment of physical activity and walking performance and whether they explain the discrepancy between self-reported and accelerometer-assessed physical activity. The participants were community-dwelling, 70–85-year-old men and women from Finland (n = 239) who were part of a clinical trial. Personality traits and their facets were measured using the 240-item NEO Personality Inventory-3. Physical activity was assessed using questions about frequency, intensity and duration of exercise (self-reported metabolic equivalent minutes (MET)) and by tri-axial accelerometers (light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and total MET-minutes). Walking performance was measured by 6-min walking distance and 10-m walking speed. Linear regression analyses were controlled for age, sex, education, body mass index, disease burden, and intervention group. The activity facet of extraversion was positively associated with self-reported MET-minutes, accelerometer-assessed light physical activity and walking performance. The positive emotions facet of extraversion was positively associated with self-reported MET-minutes and walking performance. Openness and its facets and the excitement seeking facet of extraversion were positively associated with walking performance. Conscientiousness and most of its facets were associated with both physical activity and walking performance, but these associations were not statistically significant after accounting for all control variables. The impulsiveness facet of neuroticism was negatively associated with accelerometer-assessed light physical activity and walking performance, but the associations with walking performance attenuated after accounting for all control variables. Accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was not associated with personality traits or facets. Discrepancy analyses suggest that openness and the excitement-seeking facet of extraversion were associated with higher self-reported than accelerometer-assessed physical activity. Consistently across methods, older adults who scored higher on facets of extraversion and conscientiousness tended to be more active and outperformed peers on walking performance. Older adults who scored higher in the facets of openness and the excitement-seeking facet of extraversion had better walking performance but also overestimated their self-reported physical activity compared to the accelerometers.

中文翻译：

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人格特质和身体机能：多层面的横截面分析

这项研究旨在调查人格特质及其方面是否与体育锻炼和步行表现的多方法评估相关联，以及它们是否解释了自我报告的和加速度计评估的体育锻炼之间的差异。参与者是来自社区的居住在芬兰的70-85岁男性和女性（n = 239），他们是临床试验的一部分。人格特质及其方面使用240项NEO人格量表3进行了测量。使用有关运动的频率，强度和持续时间（自我报告的代谢当量分钟（MET））和三轴加速度计（轻度和中度至剧烈运动量和总MET分钟）来评估身体活动。通过6分钟的步行距离和10米的步行速度来衡量步行性能。对年龄，性别，受教育程度，体重指数，疾病负担和干预组进行线性回归分析。外向性活动方面与自我报告的MET分钟数，加速度计评估的轻度体力活动和步行表现呈正相关。外向型的积极情绪方面与自我报告的MET分钟和步行表现呈正相关。开放性及其方面以及寻求外向的兴奋方面与步行表现呈正相关。尽责性及其大多数方面都与体育活动和步行表现有关，但是在考虑所有控制变量后，这些关联在统计上并不显着。神经质的冲动性方面与加速度计评估的轻度身体活动和步行表现呈负相关，但在考虑所有控制变量后，与步行表现的相关性减弱。加速度计评估的中等至剧烈的体育活动与人格特征或方面无关。差异分析表明，开放性和寻求兴奋的方面与自我报告的活动相关性高于加速度计评估的身体活动。在各种方法上，一致的是，在外向性和尽责性方面得分较高的老年人往往更活跃，在步行表现方面优于同龄人。