Deficiencies in Theory of Mind (ToM) are consistently found in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD). However, the character of these deficits and their role in the pathogenesis of mental illness remains poorly understood.

This systematic review synthesizes the available secondary literature pertaining to ToM functioning in individuals with MDD, BD, or SZ, and their respective spectrum disorders in order to delineate disorder or symptom specific patterns of ToM impairment.

Literature suggests that ToM deficits increase in severity along the affective-psychotic spectrum, with mild deficits in patients with MDD, and severe deficits in patients with mania or psychosis. Furthermore, ToM deficits appear to be part of a broader developmental phenotype associated with SZ and BD, as suggested by findings of attenuated impairments in ToM in remitted patients with SZ or BD, unaffected first-degree relatives of patients, and clinical high-risk groups.

Future psychiatric research on ToM should aim to disentangle relationships between ToM deficits and specific symptom dimensions transdiagnostically, and employ standardized, construct-specific ToM tasks.

精神分裂症（SZ），重度抑郁症（MDD）和躁郁症（BD）的患者中始终存在心理理论（ToM）的缺陷。但是，这些缺陷的特征及其在精神疾病发病机理中的作用仍然知之甚少。

该系统综述综合了与ToD在MDD，BD或SZ患者及其各自的谱障碍中起作用有关的二手文献，以描述ToM障碍的障碍或症状特定模式。

文献表明，ToM缺乏症在情感精神病谱上的严重性增加，MDD患者有轻度缺陷，而躁狂或精神病患者则有严重缺陷。此外，ToM缺陷似乎是与SZ和BD相关的更广泛的发育表型的一部分，这由缓解的SZ或BD患者，未受影响的一级亲属和临床高危人群的ToM减毒发现所表明。 。

未来的关于ToM的精神病学研究应旨在通过诊断来弄清ToM缺陷与特定症状维度之间的关系，并采用标准化的，特定于结构的ToM任务。