Lithium (Li) metal is the most promising anode material for the next-generation high-energy density battery due to its high specific capacity and low redox potential. However, its practical applications is challenged by uncontrolled Li dendrite growth and volume expansion. In this work, we propose a cobalt-enhanced nitrogen doped porous carbon nanofibers (PCNF–Co/N) with an enhanced lithiophilic property. The Co/N co-doping is achieved through pyrolysis of self-assembled Co/Zn metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets on carbon nanofibers (CNF). The synergistic effect between the simultaneously introduced Co and N defects not only boosts the Li affinity of pyridinic and pyrrolic N but also transfers the graphitic N into lithiophilic, providing crucial roles for uniform plating of Li. Meanwhile, the porous structure formed by Zn sublimation provides sufficient buffer space for internal stress caused by Li plating/stripping. As a result, the PCNF–Co/N@Li anode delivers a long lifespan over 1400 h with a low voltage hysteresis. When paired with a LiFePO₄ cathode, the full cell demonstrates decent cyclic stability and rate capability, demonstrating the capability of PCNF–Co/N in developing composite Li-metal anode with enhanced lithiophilicity and low internal stress.

锂（Li）金属因其高比容量和低氧化还原电位而成为下一代高能量密度电池最有希望的负极材料。然而，其实际应用受到不受控制的锂枝晶生长和体积膨胀的挑战。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种钴增强的氮掺杂多孔碳纳米纤维（PCNF–Co / N），具有增强的亲硫性。Co / N共掺杂是通过在碳纳米纤维（CNF）上热解自组装的Co / Zn金属-有机骨架（MOF）纳米片而实现的。同时引入的Co和N缺陷之间的协同作用不仅增强了吡啶和吡咯N的Li亲和力，而且还将石墨N转变为亲硫的Li，为均匀地镀Li提供了关键作用。与此同时，锌升华形成的多孔结构为锂电镀/剥离引起的内部应力提供了足够的缓冲空间。结果，PCNF-Co / N @ Li阳极在1400小时内具有很长的使用寿命，并具有低电压滞后。与LiFePO配对时_4个阴极，充满电的电池表现出不错的循环稳定性和倍率性能，证明PCNF–Co / N在开发具有增强的亲锂性和低内应力的复合锂金属阳极中的能力。