Abstract Prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) with the surcharge preloading and vacuum consolidation has become considerably popular for ground improvement projects. A simple solution that incorporates the fundamental embankment features, such as the average degree of consolidation and excess pore pressure, are essential for the design of soft ground improvements by PVDs with vacuum preloading. However, most of the solutions for vertical drains with vacuum consolidation require numerical simulations, whose implementation tends to be laborious. In contrast, a simple solution for vacuum consolidation under time-dependent loading has not yet been proposed. In this study, a simple solution that can be easily incorporated into a conventional spreadsheet is derived for PVDs with vacuum preloading by applying the Laplace transform technique. The proposed solution accounts for several actual construction conditions, such as initial surcharge load, vacuum pump trial period, variations of radial permeability, and time-dependent loading. The results obtained from this proposed approach were validated with those from the finite element method and field data from the case study of the Cai Mep International Terminal project in southern Vietnam. The derived solutions, including the excess pore pressures and average degrees of consolidation, were in good agreement with the predicted and observed data.

中文翻译：

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超载预压结合真空固结的预制垂直排水管的简单解决方案

摘要 具有超载预载和真空固结的预制垂直排水管 (PVD) 已成为地面改善项目中相当流行的。一个包含基本路堤特征（例如平均固结度和超孔隙压力）的简单解决方案对于通过具有真空预压的 PVD ​​改善软地基的设计至关重要。然而，大多数具有真空固结的垂直排水管的解决方案需要数值模拟，其实施往往是费力的。相比之下，还没有提出在时间相关载荷下进行真空固结的简单解决方案。在这项研究中，通过应用拉普拉斯变换技术为具有真空预加载的 PVD ​​导出了一个可以轻松合并到传统电子表格中的简单解决方案。建议的解决方案考虑了几个实际的施工条件，例如初始超载载荷、真空泵试用期、径向渗透率的变化和时间相关的载荷。用有限元方法和越南南部 Cai Mep 国际码头项目案例研究的现场数据验证了从该方法获得的结果。导出的解决方案，包括超孔隙压力和平均固结度，与预测和观察到的数据非常吻合。用有限元方法和越南南部 Cai Mep 国际码头项目案例研究的现场数据验证了从该方法获得的结果。导出的解决方案，包括超孔隙压力和平均固结度，与预测和观察到的数据非常吻合。用有限元方法和越南南部 Cai Mep 国际码头项目案例研究的现场数据验证了从该方法获得的结果。导出的解决方案，包括超孔隙压力和平均固结度，与预测和观察到的数据非常吻合。