Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) plays an important role in the regulation of vertebrate reproduction. Studies have shown that immunization against GnRHa can induce sexually sterile tilapia. To explore the mechanism behind this, in this study, RNA-seq and data-independent acquisition (DIA) techniques were used to study the transcriptome and proteome of the gonad of tilapia immunized with GnRHa.

644 differentially expressed genes (80 upregulated and 564 downregulated) and 1150 differentially expressed proteins (351 upregulated and 799 downregulated) were identified. There were 209 genes with consistent differential expression patterns in the transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, of which 9 were upregulated and 200 downregulated, indicating that the gonad gene expression was inhibited by GnRHa immunization. The downregulated genes were particularly involved in the functions of single-organism process, binding, cellular process, metabolic process and catalytic activity, and associated with the pathways including ECM–receptor interaction, focal adhesion, cardiac muscle contraction and oxidative phosphorylation. The expression of six differentially expressed genes involved in the GnRH signaling pathway was all downregulated. In addition, several important functional genes related to gonadal development after GnRHa immunization were screened.

This study confirmed the expression of corresponding genes was affected by GnRHa on the gonad development in tilapia at the molecular level, and laid a foundation for elucidating the mechanism of GnRHa immunization.

促性腺激素释放激素 (GnRH) 在脊椎动物繁殖的调节中起重要作用。研究表明，针对 GnRHa 的免疫接种可以诱导性不育的罗非鱼。为了探索这背后的机制，在本研究中，RNA-seq 和数据独立获取 (DIA) 技术被用于研究用 GnRHa 免疫的罗非鱼性腺的转录组和蛋白质组。

鉴定了 644 个差异表达基因（80 个上调和 564 个下调）和 1150 个差异表达蛋白（351 个上调和 799 个下调）。在转录组学和蛋白质组学分析中，有 209 个基因具有一致的差异表达模式，其中 9 个上调，200 个下调，表明 GnRHa 免疫抑制了性腺基因的表达。下调基因特别参与单一生物过程、结合、细胞过程、代谢过程和催化活性的功能，并与包括ECM-受体相互作用、粘着斑、心肌收缩和氧化磷酸化在内的途径相关。参与 GnRH 信号通路的 6 个差异表达基因的表达均被下调。此外，

本研究在分子水平上证实了GnRHa对罗非鱼性腺发育的影响相应基因的表达，为阐明GnRHa免疫机制奠定了基础。