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The tracheal system of scutigeromorph centipedes and the evolution of respiratory systems of myriapods
Arthropod Structure & Development ( IF 2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 , DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2020.101006
Gero Hilken 1 , Jörg Rosenberg 2 , Gregory D Edgecombe 3 , Valentin Blüml 4 , Jörg U Hammel 5 , Anja Hasenberg 6 , Andy Sombke 4
Affiliation  

The tracheal system of scutigeromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) is special, as it consists of dorsally arranged unpaired spiracles. In this study, we investigate the tracheal systems of five different scutigeromorph species. They are strikingly similar to each other but depict unique characters compared to the tracheal systems of pleurostigmophoran centipedes, which has engendered an ongoing debate over a single versus independent origin of tracheal systems in Chilopoda. Up to now, only the respiratory system of Scutigera coleoptrata was investigated intensively using LM-, TEM-, and SEM-techniques. We supplement this with data for species from all three families of Scutigeromorpha. These reveal interspecific differences in atrial width and the shape and branching pattern of the tracheal tubules. Further, we investigated the tracheal system of Scutigera coleoptrata with three additional techniques: light sheet microscopy, microCT and synchrotron radiation based microCT analysis. This set of techniques allows a comparison between fresh versus fixed and dried material. The question of a unique vs. multiple origin of tracheal systems in centipedes and in Myriapoda as a whole is discussed with regard to their structural similarities and differences and the presence of hemocyanin as an oxygen carrier. We used morphological and molecular data and the fossil record to evaluate the alternative hypotheses.



中文翻译:

蜈蚣的气管系统与多足类呼吸系统的进化

蜈蚣 (Chilopoda) 的气管系统很特别,因为它由背侧排列的不成对的气孔组成。在这项研究中,我们调查了五种不同的 scutigeromorph 物种的气管系统。它们彼此惊人地相似,但与 pleurostigmophoran 蜈蚣的气管系统相比描绘了独特的特征,这引起了关于 Chilopoda 气管系统的单一起源与独立起源的持续争论。到目前为止,只有鞘翅Scutigera coleoptrata的呼吸系统使用 LM-、TEM-和 SEM 技术深入研究。我们用来自 Scutigeromorpha 的所有三个科的物种数据对此进行了补充。这些揭示了心房宽度和气管小管的形状和分支模式的种间差异。此外,我们使用三种附加技术研究了鞘翅目Scutigera的气管系统:光片显微镜、微 CT 和基于同步辐射的微 CT 分析。这套技术可以比较新鲜固定和干燥的材料。独特与否的问题讨论了蜈蚣和整个多足类气管系统的多重起源,讨论了它们的结构异同以及血蓝蛋白作为氧载体的存在。我们使用形态学和分子数据以及化石记录来评估替代假设。

更新日期:2020-11-25
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