Environmental Pollution ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116099 Aneta Nowakiewicz , Przemysław Zięba , Sebastian Gnat , Marcelina Osińska , Dominik Łagowski , Urszula Kosior-Korzecka , Iwona Puzio , Jarosław Król
Bats are poorly understood as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant strains; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus strains isolated from bat species from Poland. A multi-stage analysis based on targeted isolation of drug-resistant strains (selective media with tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, streptomycin, and vancomycin), determination of the phenotypic profile of drug-susceptibility using the disc diffusion method, and amplification of DNA fragments surrounding rare restriction sites (ADSRRS-fingerprinting) was used for the isolation and differentiation of strains. The applied strategy finally allowed identification of E. faecalis resistant to at least one antimicrobial in 47.2% of the single-animal group and in 46.9% of the pooled samples of bat's guano. Out of the 36 distinct isolates, 69% met the criteria of multi-drug resistance, with a dominant combination of resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, and rifampicin. Simultaneously, 41.6% of the strains were high-level aminoglycoside resistant (HLAR). In most strains, phenotypic resistance was reflected in the presence of at least one gene encoding resistance to a given drug. Moreover, our research results show that some genes were detected simultaneously in the same strain statistically significantly more frequently. This may confirm that the spread of some genes (tetM and ermB or aph (3')-IIIa as well as gelE and aac (6')-Ie-aph (2")-Ia or ant (6)-Ia) is associated with their common occurrence on the same mobile genetic element.
To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of multidrug-resistance among E. faecalis isolated from bats. Our research demonstrates that the One Health concept is not associated exclusively with food-producing animals and humans, but other species of wildlife animals should be covered by monitoring programs as well.
We confirmed for the first time that bats are an important reservoir of multi-resistant E. faecalis strains and could have a great impact on environmental resistance.
中文翻译:
从波兰食虫蝙蝠胃肠道分离的粪肠球菌耐药菌株的发生和分子特征分析:是否可能对耐药性的传播产生实质性影响?
蝙蝠很难被理解为具有多重耐药性的毒株。因此,本研究的目的是确定从波兰蝙蝠物种中分离的耐多药肠球菌菌株的分子特征。基于耐药菌株(具有四环素,氯霉素,庆大霉素,链霉素和万古霉素的选择性培养基)的靶向分离,基于光盘扩散法确定药物敏感性表型特征和DNA片段扩增的多阶段分析周围罕见的限制性酶切位点(ADSRRS指纹图谱)用于菌株的分离和分化。应用策略最终允许鉴定粪肠球菌对单动物组的47.2%和蝙蝠的鸟粪汇集样本中的46.9%的细菌至少有一种抗药性。在这36种不同的分离株中,有69%达到了多重耐药性的标准,主要是对四环素,红霉素和利福平具有耐药性。同时,有41.6%的菌株具有高水平的氨基糖苷抗性(HLAR)。在大多数菌株中,在至少一种编码对给定药物的抗性的基因的存在下反映了表型抗性。此外,我们的研究结果表明,在同一菌株中同时检测到一些基因的频率明显更高。这可能证实某些基因(tet M和erm B或aph(3')-IIIa以及凝胶的扩散E和aac(6')-Ie-aph(2“)-Ia或ant(6)-Ia)与它们在同一移动遗传元件上的普遍出现有关。
据我们所知,这是首次从蝙蝠中分离出粪肠球菌的多药耐药性分析。我们的研究表明,“一个健康”的概念并不仅仅与粮食生产的动物和人类有关,但是其他野生动物物种也应包括在监测计划中。
我们首次确认,蝙蝠是多重抗性粪肠球菌菌株的重要贮藏库,并且可能对环境抗性产生巨大影响。