Grasslands provide numerous cultural ecosystem services (CES). Although research on CES is increasing, the role of plant communities in human perception is less studied. Hence, the aim of our study was to determine the relationship between the type of grassland community and the perception of CES. The research was based on the survey conducted among tourists in the Pieniny Mountains, Southern Poland. It included six photographs of the grassland communities and a set of questions concerning the perception of CES. The results showed that different types of analysed grassland communities vary significantly in terms of CES provision. Thus, when researching CES, they should not be classified as the land use type with only one common value. Inspiration and joy are highly dependent on plant community, whereas spiritual values and strengthening social bonds are provided on a similar level regardless of the plant community. Furthermore, all analysed plant communities (with exception of grazed pasture) provide analysed CES to a certain extent which confirms the available research on bundles of CES. Our study also revealed the influence of biological, and socio-demographic factors (gender, age and place of residence) on perception. Hence, the management of grasslands for CES requires consideration of all these aspects.

草原提供大量的文化生态系统服务（CES）。尽管对CES的研究正在增加，但对植物群落在人类感知中的作用的研究较少。因此，我们的研究目的是确定草地群落类型与CES感知之间的关系。该研究基于对波兰南部Pieniny山的游客进行的调查。它包括六张草原社区的照片，以及一系列有关CES感知的问题。结果表明，在提供CES方面，不同类型的分析草地群落存在显着差异。因此，在研究CES时，不应将它们归类为只有一个共同值的土地使用类型。灵感和喜悦在很大程度上取决于植物群落，不论植物群落如何，精神价值和加强社会纽带的提供水平都差不多。此外，所有分析过的植物群落（牧场除外）在一定程度上都提供了CES分析，这证实了对CES捆绑的可用研究。我们的研究还揭示了生物学和社会人口因素（性别，年龄和居住地点）对知觉的影响。因此，CES的草地管理需要考虑所有这些方面。以及有关感知的社会人口因素（性别，年龄和居住地）。因此，CES的草地管理需要考虑所有这些方面。以及有关感知的社会人口因素（性别，年龄和居住地）。因此，CES的草地管理需要考虑所有这些方面。